{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Dataset", "@id": "https://rembrandt.aidispatch.xyz/api/v1/dataset#dataset", "name": "The Rembrandt Open Impression Project — complete public dataset", "description": "The complete research record for one impression of Rembrandt's 1638 etched self-portrait: the object record, every claim with its evidence, the census of located impressions, the open research questions, the provenance timeline including its gaps, the state atlas, the bibliography, the glossary and the changelog. One row per assertion, each with the source it came from.", "url": "https://rembrandt.aidispatch.xyz/api/v1/dataset", "version": "0.9", "datePublished": "2026-08-12", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "isAccessibleForFree": true, "creator": { "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://rembrandt.aidispatch.xyz/#org", "name": "The Rembrandt Open Impression Project", "url": "https://rembrandt.aidispatch.xyz" }, "dataset_version": "0.9", "dataset_date": "2026-08-12", "data_model_version": "1.0.0", "generated_note": "Assembled from dossier version 0.9, released 2026-08-12. This response carries no generation timestamp on purpose: the build is deterministic, so the same release always produces the same bytes and a checksum of this file is meaningful. To find out whether anything has changed, compare dataset_version, or read the changelog.", "licence": { "metadata": "CC0 1.0 Universal (Public Domain Dedication)", "spdx": "CC0-1.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "note": "Descriptive metadata and the census are dedicated to the public domain. Reuse them for anything, including commercially, without asking and without attribution — though a citation helps other people find the source. Written prose on the site is CC BY 4.0. Comparator photographs belong to the institutions that made them and carry the terms stated on each comparator record." }, "counts": { "claims": 18, "active_claims": 18, "evidence": 5, "census": 27, "census_institutions": 20, "questions": 12, "open_questions": 11, "provenance_events": 5, "provenance_gaps": 1, "bibliography": 13, "bibliography_verified": 3, "states": 4, "state_divisions": 5, "changelog": 5, "glossary": 28, "comparators": 8 }, "object": { "id": "np-rmb-001", "accession": "NP-RMB-001", "title": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "title_alternates": [ "Self-portrait in a velvet cap with plume", "Self-portrait with plumed cap and lowered sabre", "Zelfportret met fluwelen baret en geveerde muts" ], "artist": "Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn", "artist_dates": "1606–1669", "date": "1638", "medium": "Etching, possibly with drypoint", "support": "Laid paper", "catalogue_references": [ { "system": "Bartsch", "number": "20", "note": "Recorded in the acquisition documentation. Not yet checked against the catalogue itself.", "confidence": "probable" }, { "system": "New Hollstein", "number": "170", "note": "Recorded in the acquisition documentation. Not yet checked against the catalogue itself.", "confidence": "probable" } ], "collection": "Private collection", "location_public": "Private collection, Dubai, United Arab Emirates", "summary": "One impression of Rembrandt's 1638 etched self-portrait, held in a private collection and published here as an open research record. The object entered the collection in 2023 through a New York auction. Almost everything below is a working record drawn from acquisition documentation and has not yet been examined by a conservator or a specialist in Old Master prints. This page states what is known, what is only recorded, and what is unknown, and marks each with its evidence.", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ULAN", "id": "500011051", "url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500011051", "label": "Rembrandt van Rijn", "applies_to": "artist", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "id": "Q5598", "url": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5598", "label": "Rembrandt van Rijn", "applies_to": "artist", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "RKDartists", "id": "66219", "url": "https://data.rkd.nl/artists/66219", "label": "Rembrandt van Rijn", "applies_to": "artist", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "LCNAF", "id": "n79142935", "url": "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79142935", "label": "Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, 1606–1669", "applies_to": "artist", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "ISNI", "id": "0000000121363802", "url": "https://isni.org/isni/0000000121363802", "label": "Rembrandt van Rijn", "applies_to": "artist", "verified": false }, { "scheme": "GND", "id": "11859964X", "url": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/11859964X", "label": "Rembrandt van Rijn", "applies_to": "artist", "verified": false }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "id": "Q65024742", "url": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q65024742", "label": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "applies_to": "work_concept", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "AAT", "id": "300041365", "url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300041365", "label": "etchings (prints) — the object type", "applies_to": "technique", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "AAT", "id": "300053241", "url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053241", "label": "etching (printing process)", "applies_to": "technique", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "AAT", "id": "300053228", "url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053228", "label": "drypoint (printing process)", "applies_to": "technique", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "AAT", "id": "300014184", "url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014184", "label": "laid paper", "applies_to": "material", "verified": true }, { "scheme": "AAT", "id": "300124534", "url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300124534", "label": "self-portraits", "applies_to": "work_concept", "verified": true } ], "images": [ { "id": "IMG-RECTO", "view": "recto", "label": "Recto", "description": "Colour-managed recto photograph with scale and colour target, to be made under conservator supervision.", "src": null, "width": null, "height": null, "iiif_service": null, "creator": null, "date": null, "rights": "Not yet created", "rights_url": null, "master_checksum": null, "status": "pending_capture", "status_note": "Imaging is sequenced after conservator review of the current housing. The project does not publish a stand-in image of the sheet.", "exif_stripped": true }, { "id": "IMG-VERSO", "view": "verso", "label": "Verso", "description": "Full verso photograph under identical documentation discipline. Carries collector marks, inscriptions and mounting traces, if any are present.", "src": null, "width": null, "height": null, "iiif_service": null, "creator": null, "date": null, "rights": "Not yet created", "rights_url": null, "master_checksum": null, "status": "pending_capture", "status_note": "Verso imaging requires the sheet to be handled; it is scheduled with the conservator visit, not before.", "exif_stripped": true }, { "id": "IMG-TRANSMITTED", "view": "transmitted_light", "label": "Transmitted light", "description": "Transmitted-light capture to record chain lines, laid lines and any watermark fragment. This is the single image most likely to move the open questions forward.", "src": null, "width": null, "height": null, "iiif_service": null, "creator": null, "date": null, "rights": "Not yet created", "rights_url": null, "master_checksum": null, "status": "pending_capture", "status_note": "Only by a method a paper conservator approves in writing. See the conservation page for the methods under consideration and their risks.", "exif_stripped": true } ], "rights_metadata": "CC0 1.0 Universal", "rights_metadata_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "rights_images": "No images of this impression have been published yet. When they are, the underlying work is in the public domain; the photographs will carry their own stated licence.", "first_published": "2026-08-12" }, "claims": [ { "id": "CL-ARTIST", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "identification", "field": "Artist", "value": "Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606–1669)", "confidence": "probable", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE", "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "stated_by": "Bonhams, as cataloguer", "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "An examination by a specialist in Old Master prints concluding that the sheet is a later restrike from Rembrandt's plate, a reproduction after the composition, or a copy by another hand. Any of these would keep the composition and change the object.", "note": "The attribution here is the auction house's. The project does not itself attribute, and it does not treat an auction attribution as settled. What is being claimed at 'probable' is that the sheet is an impression from Rembrandt's plate; the question of when it was printed is separate and open.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE", "tier": "auction_catalogue", "kind": "catalogue_record", "title": "Auction catalogue entry for the lot as offered, Bonhams New York, 2023", "author": "Bonhams", "date": "2023", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "on_request", "access_note": "The published lot page has not yet been located in the house's online archive. See research question RQ-08.", "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "An auction catalogue is a working attribution by a cataloguer under time pressure, not a scholarly determination. It is recorded here as a source, and its statements are carried as claims at the confidence the source supports — no higher." }, { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." } ] }, { "id": "CL-TITLE", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "identification", "field": "Title", "value": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "confidence": "probable", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Alignment with the title used in the New Hollstein catalogue and by the major print rooms, which may differ.", "note": "Titles of Rembrandt's etchings are conventions applied by cataloguers, not by Rembrandt. Different catalogues and print rooms use different ones for the same plate. The census records each institution's own title verbatim rather than imposing one.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." } ] }, { "id": "CL-DATE", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "identification", "field": "Date of the plate", "value": "1638", "confidence": "probable", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE", "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "stated_by": "Bonhams, as cataloguer", "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Nothing likely; the date of the plate is well established in the literature for this composition.", "note": "This is the date Rembrandt worked the plate. It is NOT the date this sheet was printed. The two can be separated by decades or centuries, and separating them is the central open question about this object.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE", "tier": "auction_catalogue", "kind": "catalogue_record", "title": "Auction catalogue entry for the lot as offered, Bonhams New York, 2023", "author": "Bonhams", "date": "2023", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "on_request", "access_note": "The published lot page has not yet been located in the house's online archive. See research question RQ-08.", "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "An auction catalogue is a working attribution by a cataloguer under time pressure, not a scholarly determination. It is recorded here as a source, and its statements are carried as claims at the confidence the source supports — no higher." }, { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." } ] }, { "id": "CL-PRINTING-DATE", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "identification", "field": "Date of printing of this sheet", "value": "Unknown", "confidence": "unknown", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Identification of the paper's watermark against a dated reference; chain-line measurement compared against dated impressions; assessment of plate wear against securely dated impressions in institutional collections.", "note": "The single most consequential unknown about this sheet. Rembrandt's plates continued to be printed long after his death. Until the paper is examined, this record makes no claim about when the impression was pulled.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR", "tier": "physical_observation", "kind": "opinion", "title": "No conservator examination has taken place", "author": null, "date": "2026-08-12", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "Recorded as an explicit negative so that the absence is visible in the record rather than inferred from silence. No paper conservator has examined the sheet, and no technical imaging has been carried out." } ] }, { "id": "CL-CATREF-BARTSCH", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "identification", "field": "Catalogue reference (Bartsch)", "value": "Bartsch 20", "confidence": "probable", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Direct comparison of the composition against the Bartsch entry and against institutional records carrying the same number.", "note": null, "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." } ] }, { "id": "CL-CATREF-NH", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "identification", "field": "Catalogue reference (New Hollstein)", "value": "New Hollstein 170", "confidence": "probable", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Consultation of the New Hollstein Rembrandt volumes themselves. The project does not currently hold a copy.", "note": "New Hollstein is the current standard catalogue for this material and its numbering is what a print room will expect. Verifying this number is a prerequisite for the census being coherent.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." } ] }, { "id": "CL-MEDIUM", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "material_technique", "field": "Medium", "value": "Etching, possibly with drypoint", "confidence": "possible", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Examination under magnification for the burr characteristic of drypoint, by a conservator or print specialist.", "note": "The working record says 'etching and drypoint'. Whether drypoint is present on this plate, and whether burr survives in this particular impression, are two different questions — the second is a wear indicator and bears directly on when the sheet was printed.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." } ] }, { "id": "CL-SUPPORT", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "material_technique", "field": "Support", "value": "Laid paper", "confidence": "possible", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Transmitted-light examination showing chain and laid lines, which would confirm laid paper and give measurable chain-line spacing.", "note": "European paper of this period is overwhelmingly laid, so the claim is unsurprising — but it is currently an assumption, not an observation, and it is recorded at that level.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." } ] }, { "id": "CL-WATERMARK", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "material_technique", "field": "Watermark", "value": "Not yet examined", "confidence": "unknown", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Transmitted-light imaging. A trimmed sheet may carry only a fragment of a watermark, or none at all — a null result here is a real result and will be recorded as one.", "note": null, "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR", "tier": "physical_observation", "kind": "opinion", "title": "No conservator examination has taken place", "author": null, "date": "2026-08-12", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "Recorded as an explicit negative so that the absence is visible in the record rather than inferred from silence. No paper conservator has examined the sheet, and no technical imaging has been carried out." } ] }, { "id": "CL-STATE", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "state", "field": "State", "value": "Recorded as state III, without signature", "confidence": "possible", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE" ], "stated_by": "Working record, following the acquisition documentation", "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Comparison of the diagnostic features of this impression against the state descriptions in the standard catalogue and against dated institutional impressions.", "note": "The working record describes this as 'state III of IV'. The number of states recognised for this plate should be taken from the standard catalogue rather than from the acquisition paperwork; see RQ-02. Until that check is done, this record states what the source said and marks it as a report, not a determination.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." }, { "id": "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE", "tier": "auction_catalogue", "kind": "catalogue_record", "title": "Auction catalogue entry for the lot as offered, Bonhams New York, 2023", "author": "Bonhams", "date": "2023", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "on_request", "access_note": "The published lot page has not yet been located in the house's online archive. See research question RQ-08.", "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "An auction catalogue is a working attribution by a cataloguer under time pressure, not a scholarly determination. It is recorded here as a source, and its statements are carried as claims at the confidence the source supports — no higher." } ] }, { "id": "CL-DIMENSIONS", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "dimensions", "field": "Dimensions", "value": "Approximately 137 × 104 mm", "confidence": "possible", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Remeasurement under a conservation protocol, recording plate mark and sheet separately, to the millimetre, with the measuring convention stated.", "note": "The working record does not say whether this is the plate mark or the sheet. Because the sheet is described as trimmed, the distinction matters: a trimmed sheet can be smaller than the plate. Both measurements will be recorded separately once taken.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." } ] }, { "id": "CL-CONDITION-SUMMARY", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "condition", "field": "Condition summary", "value": "Trimmed at the left margin; wrinkling and dampstaining at lower left, extending partly into the image; unmounted at purchase", "confidence": "possible", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE" ], "stated_by": "Working record, following the acquisition documentation", "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "A condition report by a paper conservator, which would replace this summary field by field and add severity, extent and stability assessments this record cannot make.", "note": "Condition language from a sale catalogue is written to describe a lot, not to document an object. It is preserved verbatim where possible and will be superseded, not overwritten, when a conservator's report exists.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." }, { "id": "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE", "tier": "auction_catalogue", "kind": "catalogue_record", "title": "Auction catalogue entry for the lot as offered, Bonhams New York, 2023", "author": "Bonhams", "date": "2023", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "on_request", "access_note": "The published lot page has not yet been located in the house's online archive. See research question RQ-08.", "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "An auction catalogue is a working attribution by a cataloguer under time pressure, not a scholarly determination. It is recorded here as a source, and its statements are carried as claims at the confidence the source supports — no higher." } ] }, { "id": "CL-MARKS", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "inscriptions_marks", "field": "Collector marks and inscriptions", "value": "None recorded; verso not yet examined", "confidence": "unknown", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR" ], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Verso photography. Collector marks, dealer codes and pencil inscriptions are the most common route into a print's earlier ownership, and they are usually on the back.", "note": "The absence of a record is not a record of absence. Nothing has been examined.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR", "tier": "physical_observation", "kind": "opinion", "title": "No conservator examination has taken place", "author": null, "date": "2026-08-12", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "Recorded as an explicit negative so that the absence is visible in the record rather than inferred from silence. No paper conservator has examined the sheet, and no technical imaging has been carried out." } ] }, { "id": "CL-ACQUISITION", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "acquisition", "field": "Acquisition", "value": "Bonhams, New York, 2023", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-ACQ-INVOICE" ], "stated_by": "Owner", "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "Nothing — the transaction is documented by invoice. The sale name, date and lot number still need to be transcribed into this record.", "note": "This is the best-evidenced fact on the page, because it is the only one backed by a primary document the project actually holds.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-ACQ-INVOICE", "tier": "primary_document", "kind": "document", "title": "Bonhams invoice and purchase documentation, New York, 2023", "author": "Bonhams", "date": "2023", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "on_request", "access_note": "The invoice carries the buyer's name and delivery address. A copy redacted to show only the sale name, sale number, date and lot number can be supplied to a scholar or institution on request.", "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "This is the strongest document the project currently holds about the sheet. It has not yet been transcribed into the record field by field; doing so is the first item on the editorial queue." } ] }, { "id": "CL-CUSTODY", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "provenance", "field": "Current custody", "value": "Private collection, Dubai, United Arab Emirates", "confidence": "confirmed", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-ACQ-INVOICE" ], "stated_by": "Owner", "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": "2026-08-12", "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": null, "note": "Stated at city level by policy. Storage location, address, security arrangements and insurance values are not published and are not held in this database. See the security and privacy policy.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-ACQ-INVOICE", "tier": "primary_document", "kind": "document", "title": "Bonhams invoice and purchase documentation, New York, 2023", "author": "Bonhams", "date": "2023", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "on_request", "access_note": "The invoice carries the buyer's name and delivery address. A copy redacted to show only the sale name, sale number, date and lot number can be supplied to a scholar or institution on request.", "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "This is the strongest document the project currently holds about the sheet. It has not yet been transcribed into the record field by field; doing so is the first item on the editorial queue." } ] }, { "id": "CL-EARLIER-PROVENANCE", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "provenance", "field": "Ownership before 2023", "value": "Unknown", "confidence": "unknown", "evidence_ids": [], "stated_by": null, "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": null, "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": "A consignor's name from the auction house, a collector's mark on the verso, an old mount or backing board, a dealer's stock number, or an appearance in an earlier sale catalogue.", "note": "Roughly 385 years are unaccounted for between the plate being worked and the 2023 sale. The provenance timeline shows this as an explicit gap rather than beginning the story in 2023.", "evidence": [] }, { "id": "CL-RIGHTS-METADATA", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "rights", "field": "Metadata rights", "value": "CC0 1.0 Universal — no rights reserved over the descriptive metadata", "confidence": "confirmed", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-PROJECT-POLICY" ], "stated_by": "Project", "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": "2026-08-12", "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": null, "note": "Metadata is released without restriction so that it can be reused, aggregated and corrected by anyone. The written text of the site is CC BY 4.0.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-PROJECT-POLICY", "tier": "primary_document", "kind": "document", "title": "Rights and licensing policy of this project", "author": "The Rembrandt Open Impression Project", "date": "2026-08-12", "url": "https://rembrandt.aidispatch.xyz/about/rights-and-licensing", "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": "CC BY 4.0", "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "The project's own published statement of the terms it releases its material under. It is primary evidence for claims about licensing and for nothing else." } ] }, { "id": "CL-RIGHTS-IMAGES", "subject": "np-rmb-001", "category": "rights", "field": "Image rights", "value": "No images of this impression are published", "confidence": "confirmed", "evidence_ids": [ "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR", "EV-PROJECT-POLICY" ], "stated_by": "Project", "reviewed_by": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "last_verified": "2026-08-12", "supersedes": [], "status": "active", "what_would_change_it": null, "note": "The underlying work is in the public domain. Photographs of it do not exist yet. When they do, the licence for each derivative will be stated on the image itself.", "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR", "tier": "physical_observation", "kind": "opinion", "title": "No conservator examination has taken place", "author": null, "date": "2026-08-12", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "Recorded as an explicit negative so that the absence is visible in the record rather than inferred from silence. No paper conservator has examined the sheet, and no technical imaging has been carried out." }, { "id": "EV-PROJECT-POLICY", "tier": "primary_document", "kind": "document", "title": "Rights and licensing policy of this project", "author": "The Rembrandt Open Impression Project", "date": "2026-08-12", "url": "https://rembrandt.aidispatch.xyz/about/rights-and-licensing", "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": "CC BY 4.0", "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "The project's own published statement of the terms it releases its material under. It is primary evidence for claims about licensing and for nothing else." } ] } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "EV-ACQ-INVOICE", "tier": "primary_document", "kind": "document", "title": "Bonhams invoice and purchase documentation, New York, 2023", "author": "Bonhams", "date": "2023", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "on_request", "access_note": "The invoice carries the buyer's name and delivery address. A copy redacted to show only the sale name, sale number, date and lot number can be supplied to a scholar or institution on request.", "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "This is the strongest document the project currently holds about the sheet. It has not yet been transcribed into the record field by field; doing so is the first item on the editorial queue." }, { "id": "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE", "tier": "auction_catalogue", "kind": "catalogue_record", "title": "Auction catalogue entry for the lot as offered, Bonhams New York, 2023", "author": "Bonhams", "date": "2023", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "on_request", "access_note": "The published lot page has not yet been located in the house's online archive. See research question RQ-08.", "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "An auction catalogue is a working attribution by a cataloguer under time pressure, not a scholarly determination. It is recorded here as a source, and its statements are carried as claims at the confidence the source supports — no higher." }, { "id": "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "tier": "user_submission", "kind": "document", "title": "Owner's working object record, assembled 2026", "author": "Owner / steward", "date": "2026-08", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "A compilation by the owner from acquisition paperwork and prior reading. It is the weakest tier in the hierarchy deliberately: it is a report of documents rather than the documents themselves. Every field derived from it is marked as such until checked against a primary source." }, { "id": "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR", "tier": "physical_observation", "kind": "opinion", "title": "No conservator examination has taken place", "author": null, "date": "2026-08-12", "url": null, "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": null, "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "Recorded as an explicit negative so that the absence is visible in the record rather than inferred from silence. No paper conservator has examined the sheet, and no technical imaging has been carried out." }, { "id": "EV-PROJECT-POLICY", "tier": "primary_document", "kind": "document", "title": "Rights and licensing policy of this project", "author": "The Rembrandt Open Impression Project", "date": "2026-08-12", "url": "https://rembrandt.aidispatch.xyz/about/rights-and-licensing", "excerpt": null, "bibliography_id": null, "access": "public", "access_note": null, "rights": "CC BY 4.0", "added": "2026-08-12", "notes": "The project's own published statement of the terms it releases its material under. It is primary evidence for claims about licensing and for nothing else." } ], "census": [ { "id": "CN-rijksmuseum-rp-p-1961-989", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Rijksmuseum", "department": null, "city": "Amsterdam", "country": "Netherlands", "accession_number": "RP-P-1961-989", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume / Zelfportret met gepluimde fluwelen baret", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "etching and drypoint", "state": "I", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "state 1 of 4 per the stated reference 'New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt text) 170-1(4)'", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Hollstein Dutch 20-1(1); New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt text) 170-1(4); Bartsch 20-1(1)", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "134 x 103", "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [ "Lugt 176; Lugt 2228" ], "provenance_note": "Mr and Mrs De Bruijn-van der Leeuw Bequest, Muri, Switzerland; bequest 1961", "credit_line": "Mr and Mrs De Bruijn-van der Leeuw Bequest, Muri, Switzerland", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-1961-989-2000.jpg", "local_thumb": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-1961-989-web.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-1961-989", "source_name": "Rijksmuseum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Rijksmuseum dimension field is 'Height 134 mm x width 103 mm' without an explicit plate/sheet label; recorded here as plate on the basis that it matches the plate size given by other institutions. Persistent URL https://id.rijksmuseum.nl/200124678. Also reachable at https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/object/Zelfportret-met-gepluimde-fluwelen-baret--f3296a047f0ce5a7905405062336056b Cross-check: Second Rijksmuseum impression, an EARLIER state than RP-P-OB-285 (170-1(4) vs 170-2(4)) - the two Amsterdam sheets together document states I and II. This page was fetched once (English only), so the Lugt 176 / Lugt 2228 marks have single-source support; recommend re-verification before publication. API route: None; legacy API returns HTTP 410. Retrieved from the public object page." }, { "id": "CN-staatsgalerie-stut-a-10901", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Graphische Sammlung", "department": null, "city": "Stuttgart", "country": "Germany", "accession_number": "A 10901", "title_as_catalogued": "Selbstbildnis mit samtenem Federbarett", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Radierung (etching); material: Buettenpapier (rohweiss)", "state": "I", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "I, per the stated literature reference 'Hinterding/Rutgers, The New Hollstein ... Rembrandt, 2013, S. 31, Nr. 170, I'", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Erik Hinterding, Jaco Rutgers: The New Hollstein Dutch & Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts 1450-1700. Rembrandt, 2013, S. 31, Nr. 170, I", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Graphische Sammlung, alter Bestand", "credit_line": "Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Graphische Sammlung, alter Bestand", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "gemeinfrei; CC Public Domain Mark 1.0 - Weltweit frei von bekannten urheberrechtlichen Einschraenkungen", "source_url": "https://www.staatsgalerie.de/de/sammlung-digital/selbstbildnis-samtenem-federbarett", "source_name": "Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Graphische Sammlung", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "DIMENSION ANOMALY - do not propagate: the record's Masse field reads 'Hoehe 19,60 cm (Blatt) / Breite 10,30 cm (Blatt)'. A sheet 196 mm tall and only 103 mm wide is implausible for a 134 x 103 mm plate and is very likely a data-entry error (103 mm is the plate width, not a sheet width). Both dimension fields therefore left null. This is one of only two records located that claims New Hollstein state I." }, { "id": "CN-victoria-and-alber-cai-715", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Victoria and Albert Museum", "department": null, "city": "London", "country": "United Kingdom", "accession_number": "CAI.715", "title_as_catalogued": "Self portrait in a velvet cap with plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching", "state": "I", "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": "First state", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bibliography cites Bartsch (Vienna 1797); White & Boon 1969; Hollstein; Hind 1923 (no specific numbers printed in the online record)", "api_source_url": "https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/museumobject/O1023205", "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": "142 x 110 (recorded as 'trimmed to')", "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Bequeathed by Constantine Alexander Ionides", "credit_line": "Bequeathed by Constantine Alexander Ionides", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018LH4725/full/735,/0/default.jpg", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1023205/self-portrait-in-a-velvet-print-rembrandt-van-rijn/", "source_name": "Victoria and Albert Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Physical description verbatim: 'Etching depicting a man wearing a mezetin velvet cap with feather, and over-gown embroidered at the collar and cuffs and fur-lined at the collar.' Marks: 'Rembrandt. f / 1638 (top left)'. The V&A's stated 'First state' conflicts with the ~140 mm sheet being larger than the plate; the record gives height 14.2 cm and width 11 cm 'trimmed to', so this is the sheet. Cross-check: V&A system number O1023205. Retrieved from the V&A open API (no key required) - an API not named in the brief, added opportunistically. No catalogue reference field is returned. A web-search snippet described this impression as a 'first state'; the API record contains no state field, so state is left null. Dimension qualifier is 'trimmed to', so 142 x 110 mm is the trimmed sheet." }, { "id": "CN-harvard-art-museum-g4910", "holder_type": "university", "institution": "Harvard Art Museums / Fogg Museum", "department": null, "city": "Cambridge, MA", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "G4910", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume (Former Title: Rembrandt with a Long Feather in His Cap)", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching on white antique laid paper", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "ii/iv", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "New Hollstein 170, Bartsch 20, Hind 156, R. 20", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "136 x 106", "sheet_mm": "162 x 127", "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [ "verso, brown ink: J.A. Boerner / [illeg.] 1870 (Lugt 269); verso, blue stamp: FK [monogram within a circle; Friedrich Kalle (Lugt 1021)]; verso, purple stamp with graphite numbering within: [Gray Collection accession stamp (Lugt 4836)] 4910" ], "provenance_note": "Recorded Ownership History: J.A. Boerner (Lugt 269), F. Kalle (Lugt 1021).", "credit_line": "Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Gray Collection of Engravings Fund", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": "https://iiif.harvardartmuseums.org/manifests/object/278958", "rights_statement": "The Harvard Art Museums encourage the use of images found on this website for personal, noncommercial use, including educational and scholarly purposes.", "source_url": "https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/278958", "source_name": "Harvard Art Museums / Fogg Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Carries a historic French verso inscription in graphite that is itself state evidence: 'B. 20 / 1st. etat, le trait du menton fort et av[an]t le retouche / sur la joue droite' - i.e. an early cataloguer read the strong chin line and the absence of retouching on the right cheek as first-state markers, whereas Harvard now catalogues the sheet as ii/iv. Persistent link https://hvrd.art/o/278958. Cross-check: Densest reference and collector-mark record of the census, and the only one with an unambiguous dedicated 'State' field (ii/iv). The verso graphite note in French ('1st. etat, le trait du menton fort et avant le retouche sur la joie droite') is an EARLIER collector's opinion that this is a first state, which Harvard's own cataloguing now supersedes with ii/iv - a useful worked example of annotation vs. current attribution. 'R. 20' is left unexpanded by Harvard; do not silently expand it. Harvard flags: 'This record has been reviewed by the curatorial staff but may be incomplete.' API route: None usable. https://api.harvardartmuseums.org/object returns HTTP 401 without a key. The object was discovered by rendering the JS search UI at https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections?q=velvet+cap+with+plume in a browser to obtain object id 278958, then retrieving the server-rendered object page over plain HTTP." }, { "id": "CN-national-gallery-o-1943-3-7201", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "National Gallery of Art", "department": null, "city": "Washington, DC", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "1943.3.7201", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "etching on laid paper", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "Catalogue Raisonne field: 'White/Boon 1969, no. 20, State only'. Bibliography field: 'The New Hollstein ... no. 170, state ii/iii.'", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "White/Boon 1969, no. 20, State only; Hind 1923; The New Hollstein ... no. 170, state ii/iii", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "135 x 103", "sheet_mm": "180 x 142", "watermark": "Foolscap", "paper": null, "collector_marks": [ "Lessing Julius Rosenwald (Lugt 1760b)" ], "provenance_note": "Lessing Julius Rosenwald (Lugt 1760b) purchased from Hollstein and Puppel Sale (lot #730); given to the National Gallery of Art 1943", "credit_line": "Rosenwald Collection", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://media.nga.gov/iiif/c62f7cd7-4162-4cc8-9298-d7bbe6984c08/full/full/0/default.jpg", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": "/images/comparators/nga-1943-3-7201-2000.jpg", "local_thumb": "/images/comparators/nga-1943-3-7201-web.jpg", "iiif_manifest": "https://www.nga.gov/api/v1/iiif/presentation/manifest.json?cultObj:id=9997 (URL asserted by Wikidata property P6108; returns HTTP 403 to non-browser clients, so not independently confirmed)", "rights_statement": "This image is in the public domain. You can copy, modify and distribute this image, even for commercial purposes. (CC0)", "source_url": "https://www.nga.gov/artworks/9997-self-portrait-velvet-cap-plume", "source_name": "National Gallery of Art", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Inscription: 'upper left in plate: Rembrandt f / 1638'. Legacy record at https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.9997.html carries identical data. NGA's 'state ii/iii' is the only institutional record found that implies a three-state New Hollstein division; four other institutions say ii/iv. Retrieved via a real browser session; direct HTTP fetch is Cloudflare-blocked. Cross-check: THE SINGLE MOST VALUABLE RECORD IN THIS CENSUS. It is the only one carrying (a) an explicit, named White/Boon number - answering the brief's open question - and (b) a watermark ('Foolscap'). In-plate inscription recorded as 'upper left in plate: Rembrandt f / 1638'. Exhibition history recorded for 1930 (two Rosenwald loan shows) and 1932. NGA object id 9997; the accession number matches Wikidata Q65024742 (P217), which was found independently via SPARQL. API route: None. api.nga.gov returns 404 without a key. Retrieved by rendering the public object page in a browser; curl and WebFetch both receive a Cloudflare HTTP 403 interstitial." }, { "id": "CN-national-gallery-o-19-4", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "National Gallery of Victoria", "department": null, "city": "Melbourne", "country": "Australia", "accession_number": "19-4", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-portrait in a velvet cap with plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "2nd of 4 states (NHD 170 ii/iv)", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 20; Hind 156; White & Boon 20; NHD 170 ii/iv", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "135 x 105", "sheet_mm": "139 x 108", "watermark": "Arms of Ravensburg (variant C.a.) - fragments with battlements appearing as two towers with gate between, on a console", "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Felton Bequest, 1933", "credit_line": "National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne; Felton Bequest, 1933", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://content.ngv.vic.gov.au/retrieve.php?size=1280&type=image&vernonID=38353", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "'While the NGV believes this work to be in the Public Domain' - users must verify permissions and provide full attribution", "source_url": "https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/38353/", "source_name": "National Gallery of Victoria", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Inscription: 'Rembrandt. f / 1638' printed in ink, upper left. The NGV watermark-research page (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/conservation/watermarks-rembrandt/) independently lists this work under 'Arms of Ravensburg'. This is the single clearest institutional statement of the state count: '2nd of 4 states'." }, { "id": "CN-rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-285", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Rijksmuseum", "department": null, "city": "Amsterdam", "country": "Netherlands", "accession_number": "RP-P-OB-285", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-portrait in a velvet cap with plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "etching and drypoint", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "state 2 of 4 per the stated reference 'New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt text) 170-2(4)'", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 20-1(1); Hollstein Dutch 20-1(1); New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt text) 170-2(4)", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "134 x 103", "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [ "Lugt 240" ], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": null, "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-285-2000.jpg", "local_thumb": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-285-web.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-OB-285", "source_name": "Rijksmuseum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Dimension field '134 mm x 103 mm' unlabelled; recorded as plate. Lugt 240 is the Rijksprentenkabinet mark. Cross-check: This is the impression the brief flagged for verification. It IS B.20 / NH 170. Cross-checked on the English and Dutch pages, which returned character-identical catalogue reference strings. Raw HTML is JS-rendered, so no image or IIIF URL could be captured and none is asserted. API route: None. The legacy REST API (https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/api/en/collection/RP-P-OB-285) returns HTTP 410 Gone. Retrieved from the public object page in both English and Dutch." }, { "id": "CN-statens-museum-for-kksgb5223", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK)", "department": null, "city": "Copenhagen", "country": "Denmark", "accession_number": "KKSgb5223", "title_as_catalogued": "Selvportraet (Self-portrait)", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Radering (etching)", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "II, per the stated references 'Hollstein 20 II; Hinterding 170 II; Rovinski 20 II'", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Hollstein 20 II; Hinterding 170 II; Rovinski 20 II", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "134 x 103", "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Acquisition 1787; Gammel bestand (Old Collection), Den Kongelige Kobberstiksamling", "credit_line": null, "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://iip-thumb.smk.dk/iiif/jp2/w9505304m_kksgb5223.TIF.reconstructed.tif.jp2/full/!1024,/0/default.jpg", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": "https://api.smk.dk/api/v1/iiif/manifest?id=KKSgb5223", "rights_statement": "Public domain; Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0", "source_url": "https://open.smk.dk/artwork/image/KKSgb5223", "source_name": "Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK)", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Full record read via SMK's open record endpoint https://api.smk.dk/api/v1/art/?object_number=KKSgb5223. Inscriptions recorded: signed and dated 'Rembrandt f / 1638'; a later notation 'Bl 233 / B 20' upper right. Dimension explicitly typed as plate size." }, { "id": "CN-the-british-museum-1910-0212-376", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "The British Museum", "department": null, "city": "London", "country": "United Kingdom", "accession_number": "1910,0212.376", "title_as_catalogued": "print (untitled record; described as 'Self-portrait of Rembrandt, in a velvet cap with plume, half-length facing front, with left hand inside tunic; second state with jaw delineated. 1638')", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "etching", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "second state with jaw delineated (New Hollstein 170.II)", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "New Hollstein (Dutch & Flemish) 170.II; Hind 1923 no. 156; White & Boon 1969 no. 20", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": "Basilisk (Hinterding catalogue, variant A'.a., datable c.1641-47 [detail of wing only])", "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Bequeathed by: George Salting; Acquisition date 1910", "credit_line": "Bequeathed by George Salting", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1910-0212-376", "source_name": "The British Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Dimensions given by the BM without a plate/sheet label: 'Height: 136 millimetres / Width: 105 millimetres'. Curator's comments state verbatim: 'For other impressions see F,4.25-26. For a later state see 1941,0327.11.3. For copies see also 1861,0518.200; 1902,0514.736 and 1938,0917.1.' Exhibited London, National Gallery, 'Rembrandt by Himself', 1999 (cat. no. 49). Page retrieved via a real browser session; direct HTTP fetch is blocked by a Cloudflare interstitial." }, { "id": "CN-the-british-museum-f-4-25", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "The British Museum", "department": null, "city": "London", "country": "United Kingdom", "accession_number": "F,4.25", "title_as_catalogued": "print (described as 'Self-portrait of Rembrandt, in a velvet cap with plume, half-length facing front, with left hand inside tunic; second state with jaw delineated. 1638')", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "etching", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "second state with jaw delineated (New Hollstein 170.II)", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "New Hollstein (Dutch & Flemish) 170.II; Hind 1923 no. 156; White & Boon 1969 no. 20", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": "Probably Strasbourg lily (Hinterding catalogue, variant ZZ.zz [detail of top only])", "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Bequeathed by: Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode; Acquisition date 1799", "credit_line": "Bequeathed by Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_F-4-25", "source_name": "The British Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Dimensions given without a plate/sheet label: 'Height: 134 millimetres / Width: 105 millimetres'. Additional ID: Miscellaneous number 1973,U.893. Curator's comment: 'For another impression and comment see 1910,0212.376.'" }, { "id": "CN-the-morgan-library-rvr-24", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "The Morgan Library & Museum", "department": null, "city": "New York", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "RvR 24", "title_as_catalogued": "Self Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching on paper", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "NHD 170, II (the record's Notes field also says 'Only one state.')", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "NHD 170, II", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "134 x 103", "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": "Countermark: Letters 'RP' with trefoil", "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "George W. Vanderbilt (1862-1914); from whom purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan in 1905.", "credit_line": null, "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.themorgan.org/rembrandt/print/161982", "source_name": "The Morgan Library & Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Internal contradiction in the Morgan record: the 'NHD number' field reads 'NHD 170, II' while the 'Notes' field reads 'Only one state.' Recorded verbatim, not reconciled. Inscription: 'Signed and dated upper left, \"Rembrandt f 1638\".' Dimension '134 x 103 mm' unlabelled. Cross-check: One of only two impressions in this census with a recorded watermark, and the only one with a countermark description ('RP' with trefoil) - watermark evidence is the primary tool for dating Rembrandt impressions, so this is high-value. The record's internal tension between 'NHD 170, II' and 'Only one state.' mirrors the Bartsch/White-Boon vs New Hollstein divergence seen across the census. Part of the Morgan's 'Rembrandt Prints Online' project. API route: None. themorgan.org serves a Cloudflare bot-verification interstitial to curl and WebFetch; retrieved by rendering the page in a browser after the challenge cleared." }, { "id": "CN-rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-286", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Rijksmuseum", "department": null, "city": "Amsterdam", "country": "Netherlands", "accession_number": "RP-P-OB-286", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-portrait in a velvet cap with plume / Zelfportret met gepluimde fluwelen baret", "date_as_catalogued": "1638, with later printing 1850-1906", "medium_as_catalogued": "etching", "state": "IV", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "state 4 of 4 per the stated reference 'New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt text) 170-4(4)'", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 20; Hollstein Dutch 20; New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt text) 170-4(4)", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "134 x 104", "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": null, "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-286-2000.jpg", "local_thumb": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-286-web.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain / Publiek domein", "source_url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-OB-286", "source_name": "Rijksmuseum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "A late/posthumous impression: the record credits later printing to the workshop of Henry Louis Basan, possibly published by Michel Bernard and Alvin-Beaumont (1850-1906). Verso inscription in pencil, centre bottom: 'Coppier'. Dimension field unlabelled." }, { "id": "CN-the-british-museum-1941-0327-11-3", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "The British Museum", "department": null, "city": "London", "country": "United Kingdom", "accession_number": "1941,0327.11.3", "title_as_catalogued": "Series: Recueil Basan (described as 'Self-portrait of Rembrandt, in a velvet cap with plume, half-length facing front, with left hand inside tunic; fourth state with signature redrawn; from an edition of the Recueil published by Henri Louis Basan around 1810. 1638')", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "etching", "state": "IV", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "fourth state with signature redrawn (New Hollstein 170.IV)", "state_confidence": "strongly_supported", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "New Hollstein (Dutch & Flemish) 170.IV; Hind 1923 no. 156; White & Boon 1969 no. 20", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Purchased from: Maggs Bros; Acquisition date 1941", "credit_line": "Purchased from Maggs Bros", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1941-0327-11-3", "source_name": "The British Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Dimensions given without a plate/sheet label: 'Height: 132 millimetres / Width: 103 millimetres'. Producer names include 'Print made by: Francois Basan (re-work)' and 'Published by: Henri Louis Basan'; published in Paris. A posthumous Basan-edition impression of the same plate, not a lifetime impression." }, { "id": "CN-art-institute-of-c-1938-1792", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Art Institute of Chicago", "department": null, "city": "Chicago", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "1938.1792", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching on buff laid paper", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "", "api_source_url": "https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/29216", "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": "123 x 105 mm ('Sheet, cut within platemark: 12.3 x 10.5 cm (4 7/8 x 4 3/16 in.)')", "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": "Clarence Buckingham Collection", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://www.artic.edu/iiif/2/37c75de5-dcb4-4edb-d368-2100c571a8c1/full/843,/0/default.jpg", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": "/images/comparators/aic-1938-1792-2000.jpg", "local_thumb": "/images/comparators/aic-1938-1792-web.jpg", "iiif_manifest": "https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/29216/manifest.json", "rights_statement": "is_public_domain: true; API data licensed CC0 1.0", "source_url": "https://www.artic.edu/artworks/29216/self-portrait-in-a-velvet-cap-with-plume", "source_name": "Art Institute of Chicago", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "AIC's record carries NO catalogue reference data at all - publication_history, provenance_text, inscriptions and alt_titles are all null. Identification rests on the exact title plus date 1638 plus medium. IIIF manifest confirmed HTTP 200. The sheet is cut within the platemark, hence markedly smaller than the ~135 x 103 mm plate." }, { "id": "CN-cleveland-museum-o-1942-874", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Cleveland Museum of Art", "department": null, "city": "Cleveland", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "1942.874", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait in Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "etching with engraving; on cream(3) laid paper", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Hollstein 20 (XVIII.9)", "api_source_url": "https://openaccess-api.clevelandart.org/api/artworks/1942.874", "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": "112 x 104 mm ('Sheet: 11.2 x 10.4 cm (4 7/16 x 4 1/8 in.)')", "watermark": "None recorded (the support_materials watermarks array is present and empty)", "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "\"Dr. Daniel A. Huebsch, Cleveland, Ohio (not stamped). Robert Hays Gries, Cleveland, Ohio; gift, 1942\"", "credit_line": "Gift of Robert Hays Gries", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.874/1942.874_print.jpg", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": "/images/comparators/cleveland-1942-874-2000.jpg", "local_thumb": "/images/comparators/cleveland-1942-874-web.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "CC0 (share_license_status: CC0)", "source_url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.874", "source_name": "Cleveland Museum of Art", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Verso inscription transcribed verbatim by the museum: 'VERSO, upper left, in graphite: G. 6123 ; left center, in graphite: v[?] ; center, in graphite: B.20 ; center, in graphite: 18 ; lower left, in graphite: W. 20 ; lower center, in graphite: ober verk[illegible]ten ; lower right, in graphite: Re/2TT'. The 'B.20' and 'W. 20' annotations corroborate Bartsch 20 and (given the NGA's White/Boon no. 20) White & Boon 20. state_of_the_work is explicitly null - do not assign a state. Links to wikidata Q80019004. Medium ('etching with engraving') conflicts with the Rijksmuseum's 'etching and drypoint'. No IIIF manifest discoverable; three candidate URL patterns tested, all failed." }, { "id": "CN-fine-arts-museums--1963-30-187", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts)", "department": null, "city": "San Francisco", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "1963.30.187", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait with a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": null, "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": "Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.famsf.org/artworks/self-portrait-with-a-velvet-cap-with-plume", "source_name": "Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts)", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "The record's Edition field reads '(Modern Impression)' - FAMSF itself flags this as a later/modern printing, not a 17th-century impression. Dimensions given as 'Image: 135 x 105 mm', which is a plate-sized image measurement but is labelled 'Image', so both plate and sheet fields are left null." }, { "id": "CN-herzog-anton-ulric-rembrandt-ab-3-16", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum", "department": null, "city": "Braunschweig", "country": "Germany", "accession_number": "Rembrandt AB 3.16", "title_as_catalogued": "[Selbstbildnis mit Federbarett; Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume; Portrait de Rembrandt au bonnet orne d'une plume]", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Radierung (etching)", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 1797 (Rembrandt), S. 20; White/Boon 1969 (Hollstein Dutch and Flemish XVIII/XIX), S. 20; The New Hollstein Dutch & Flemish II.31.170 II / II.85.170/II; TIB L.12.20; Wurzbach II.423.20", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "135 x 104", "sheet_mm": "140 x 110", "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": null, "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://assets.museum-digital.org/nds/resources/images/202009/500w_000001-5f5852a8929bf.jpg", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "Freier Zugang - Keine Weiterverwendung (RR-F)", "source_url": "https://nat.museum-digital.de/object/850002", "source_name": "Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "The New Hollstein citation embedded in the reference string ('170 II') implies second state, but the record has no explicit state field, so state left null. Published via museum-digital:deutschland." }, { "id": "CN-herzog-anton-ulric-rembrandt-ab-3-17-fo", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum", "department": null, "city": "Braunschweig", "country": "Germany", "accession_number": "Rembrandt AB 3.17 (former number 5376)", "title_as_catalogued": "[Selbstbildnis mit Federbarett; Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume; Portrait de Rembrandt au bonnet orne d'une plume]", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Radierung (etching)", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "The New Hollstein Dutch & Flemish, S. [25, Rembrandt, text].II.31.170 II; [25, Rembrandt, plates].II.85.170/II; TIB, S. L.12.20; Wurzbach, S. II.423.20; Bartsch 1797 (Rembrandt), S. 20; Vasel 1903, S. 4517; White/Boon 1969 (Hollstein Dutch and Flemish XVIII/XIX), S. 20", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": "134 x 104", "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": null, "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/GQLWQ56KS7CY42WIXH637I7BGI6QHRII", "source_name": "Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "A SECOND Braunschweig impression, distinct from AB 3.16 (different inventory number, different dimensions). Record surfaced via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek aggregation of the Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum's own data; treated as an institutional record because the DDB item exposes the museum's inventory number and its own reference apparatus. A direct museum-digital record for AB 3.17 was not located." }, { "id": "CN-museum-boijmans-va-mb-1962-213-pk", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen", "department": null, "city": "Rotterdam", "country": "Netherlands", "accession_number": "MB 1962/213 (PK)", "title_as_catalogued": "Zelfportret met gepluimde baret", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Ets, geretoucheerd met pen en grijze inkt (etching, retouched with pen and grey ink)", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": null, "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Schenking D. van Stolk en S.L. van Stolk, 1962", "credit_line": "Schenking D. van Stolk en S.L. van Stolk, 1962", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.boijmans.nl/index.php/collectie/kunstwerken/78757/zelfportret-met-gepluimde-baret", "source_name": "Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Dimensions given as 'Hoogte 135 mm; Breedte 104 mm' without a plate/sheet label, so both typed fields left null. Materially unusual: the sheet is recorded as retouched by hand with pen and grey ink. Collection: Tekeningen & Prenten; currently in depot. No Bartsch/New Hollstein number is printed on the public record." }, { "id": "CN-museum-of-fine-art-p391", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston", "department": null, "city": "Boston", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "P391", "title_as_catalogued": "Self Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": "Hind 156 ii (implied second state; no separate state field)", "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 020; Hind 156 ii", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "135 x 105", "sheet_mm": "141 x 110", "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [ "Lugt 1309 (Henry F. Sewall)" ], "provenance_note": "Henry F. Sewall (1816-1896, New York, Lugt 1309); purchased by MFA, November 1897.", "credit_line": "Harvey D. Parker Collection - Harvey Drury Parker Fund", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/self-portrait-in-a-velvet-cap-with-plume-108044", "source_name": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Dimensions labelled 'Platemark' and 'Sheet' in the record. Retrieved via a real browser session (record served from collections.mfa.org); direct HTTP fetch is Cloudflare-blocked. Cross-check: A search of the full MFA collections database for this title returned exactly one impression of B.20 (P391); the only other 'velvet cap' hit is the Sketch Plate (P732), correctly rejected. Note MFA's uniquely zero-padded 'Bartsch 020' formatting - a census importer must normalise this. API route: None. mfa.org serves a Cloudflare challenge to curl and WebFetch; retrieved by rendering in a browser." }, { "id": "CN-princeton-universi-x1949-229", "holder_type": "university", "institution": "Princeton University Art Museum", "department": null, "city": "Princeton, NJ", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "x1949-229", "title_as_catalogued": "Rembrandt in Velvet Cap", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 20; Biorklund and Barnard 38; Hind 156; Hollstein 9; Munz 22; New Hollstein 31.170", "api_source_url": "https://data.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/objects/7280 (IIIF Presentation 3, HTTP 200, verified)", "plate_mm": "138 x 105", "sheet_mm": "138 x 105 (sheet trimmed to plate)", "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Bequest of Jessie P. Frothingham", "credit_line": "Bequest of Jessie P. Frothingham", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/INV27356/full/,660/0/default.webp", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": "https://data.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/objects/7280", "rights_statement": "IIIF manifest 'rights' is null; requiredStatement = Attribution: 'Princeton University Art Museum'. No open-access licence asserted.", "source_url": "https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/collections/objects/7280", "source_name": "Princeton University Art Museum", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Dimension recorded by the museum as 'Plate (sheet trimmed to plate): 13.8 x 10.5 cm'. No state given. NOTE: the record's 'Hollstein 9' appears anomalous against every other institution's 'Hollstein 20'; transcribed as printed, not corrected. Cross-check: Catalogued under a shortened title, but Bartsch 20 + New Hollstein 31.170 + date 1638 make the identification secure. INTERNAL INCONSISTENCY: Princeton's 'Reference Numbers' line (Biorklund and Barnard 38, Hind 156, Munz 22, New Hollstein 31.170, Hollstein 9) disagrees with its own bibliography, which cites Biorklund and Barnard no. 47, Hollstein no. 129, Munz no. 71 and New Hollstein no. 236 p. 144. Only Bartsch 20 and New Hollstein 170 are stable across the record. Also records the largest plate measurement in the census (138 mm), 2-3 mm above every other institution." }, { "id": "CN-risd-museum-rhode--84-198-1269", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "RISD Museum (Rhode Island School of Design)", "department": null, "city": "Providence, RI", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "84.198.1269", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching on paper", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "135 x 103 mm ('13.5 x 10.3 cm (5 5/16 x 4 1/16 inches) (plate)')", "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": "Gift of the Fazzano Brothers", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "\"This object is in the Public Domain and available under a CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication\"", "source_url": "https://risdmuseum.org/art-design/collection/self-portrait-velvet-cap-plume-841981269", "source_name": "RISD Museum (Rhode Island School of Design)", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "The record's IDENTIFICATION, SIGNATURE/INSCRIPTION/MARKS and DIMENSIONS field headings are present but EMPTY - so no state and no catalogue reference may be asserted. A web-search summary claimed 'third state of four' for this impression; that is NOT in the museum record and is rejected. Exhibited 'Past Made Present: Dutch Shadows in the Black Atlantic' (Sep 2022 - Aug 2023) and 'Rhode Island Collects Paper' (1986). RISD's label copy refers to 'the two versions of Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume', which may indicate a second RISD impression or a loan; not resolved - see open_questions. API route: None. risdmuseum.org serves a Cloudflare block page to curl and WebFetch; retrieved by rendering in a browser." }, { "id": "CN-swann-auction-gall-x", "holder_type": "art_market", "institution": "Swann Auction Galleries (sale 2566, 'Old Master Through Modern Prints', 6 May 2021, lot 87)", "department": null, "city": "New York", "country": "United States", "accession_number": null, "title_as_catalogued": "Self Portrait in a Velvet Cap and Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching and drypoint", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": "Biorklund's third state (of 3); Usticke's second state (i-l) (of 3), with the delicate details on the face and beard distinct and the shading lower right clear, before the Jean rework", "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 20; Biorklund 38-B; Hollstein (White and Boon) 20", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": "135 x 105", "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": null, "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://catalogue.swanngalleries.com/Lots/auction-lot/REMBRANDT-VAN-RIJN-Self-Portrait-in-a-Velvet-Cap-and-Plume?saleno=2566&lotNo=87&refNo=781521", "source_name": "Swann Auction Galleries (sale 2566, 'Old Master Through Modern Prints', 6 May 2021, lot 87)", "evidence_tier": "auction_catalogue", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "LOWER EVIDENCE TIER. Condition note verbatim: 'A very good, well-inked and crisp impression with strong contrasts and touches of burr on the beard, right eye and below the brim of the hat.' Sheet described as 'narrow to thread margins'. Valuable mainly because it records the Biorklund and Usticke state systems (both 3 states) and names the 'Jean rework' as the later intervention." }, { "id": "CN-the-metropolitan-m-60-598-66", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "department": null, "city": "New York", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "60.598.66", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "", "api_source_url": "https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/public/collection/v1/objects/391675", "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": "Bequest of Julia H. Manges, in memory of her husband, Dr. Morris Manges, 1960", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/dp/original/DP814553.jpg", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": "/images/comparators/met-60-598-66-2000.jpg", "local_thumb": "/images/comparators/met-60-598-66-web.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "isPublicDomain: true (Met Open Access, CC0). The rightsAndReproduction field is empty.", "source_url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/391675", "source_name": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Met objectID 391675. The API returns EMPTY strings for both 'dimensions' and 'state', and no catalogue reference field exists in the Met schema - so state and dimensions must remain null. The Met's own HTML page returned HTTP 429/403 to scraping, so no supplementary fields were recoverable; source_url is the objectURL supplied by the API itself." }, { "id": "CN-the-metropolitan-m-64-649-5", "holder_type": "museum", "institution": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "department": null, "city": "New York", "country": "United States", "accession_number": "64.649.5", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": null, "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "", "api_source_url": "https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/public/collection/v1/objects/391676", "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": null, "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": "Gift of Mrs. B. S. Oppenheimer, in memory of Dr. B. S. Oppenheimer, 1964", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": null, "image_url": "https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/dp/original/DP814552.jpg", "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": "/images/comparators/met-64-649-5-2000.jpg", "local_thumb": "/images/comparators/met-64-649-5-web.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "isPublicDomain: true (Met Open Access, CC0).", "source_url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/391676", "source_name": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "evidence_tier": "institutional_record", "confidence": "strongly_supported", "review_state": "verified", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — record read directly from the holding institution's own published record", "notes": "Met objectID 391676. Second Met impression, distinct accession, distinct donor and distinct image file from 60.598.66. A title-scan over the Met's Rembrandt result set (1,097 objectIDs from q=Rembrandt) returned exactly these two impressions of B.20; the scan was stopped before completing every id because of API rate limiting, so a third Met impression cannot be formally excluded." }, { "id": "CN-bonhams-27424-2", "holder_type": "art_market", "institution": "Bonhams (sale 27424, lot 2, London, 13 December 2022)", "department": null, "city": "London", "country": "United Kingdom", "accession_number": null, "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait in a velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching, on heavy laid paper", "state": "II", "state_catalogue": "New Hollstein", "state_verbatim": "New Hollstein's second state (of four)", "state_confidence": "probable", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 20; New Hollstein 170", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": "125 × 103", "watermark": "Partial Strasbourg Lily", "paper": "Heavy laid paper", "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": null, "credit_line": null, "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": "Trimmed by 9 mm at the top and along the lower plate mark.", "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": null, "source_url": "https://www.bonhams.com/auction/27424/lot/2/", "source_name": "Bonhams", "evidence_tier": "auction_catalogue", "confidence": "probable", "review_state": "provisional", "verified_on": "2026-08-12", "verified_by": "Project — lot page read directly", "notes": "An art-market record, not an institutional one, and weighted accordingly. Recorded because the watermark and the trimming are stated, which makes it a usable comparator for the paper question, and because it is the only impression of this print traceable in this house's public archive." }, { "id": "CN-np-rmb-001", "holder_type": "private", "institution": "Private collection", "department": null, "city": "Dubai", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "accession_number": "NP-RMB-001", "title_as_catalogued": "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume", "date_as_catalogued": "1638", "medium_as_catalogued": "Etching, possibly with drypoint (working record, unexamined)", "state": null, "state_catalogue": null, "state_verbatim": "Working record states 'state III of IV, without signature'. Not verified; see RQ-01 and RQ-02.", "state_confidence": "unknown", "catalogue_refs_verbatim": "Bartsch 20; New Hollstein 170 (as recorded in the acquisition documentation, not yet checked against the catalogues)", "api_source_url": null, "plate_mm": null, "sheet_mm": "c. 137 × 104 (convention unstated; see RQ-03)", "watermark": null, "paper": null, "collector_marks": [], "provenance_note": "Bonhams, New York, 2023; private collection, Dubai. No ownership documented before 2023.", "credit_line": "Private collection, Dubai", "exhibitions": [], "literature": [], "condition_note": "Trimmed at the left margin; wrinkling and dampstaining at lower left extending partly into the image; unmounted at purchase. Not assessed by a conservator.", "image_url": null, "thumbnail_url": null, "local_image": null, "local_thumb": null, "iiif_manifest": null, "rights_statement": "Metadata CC0 1.0. No images published.", "source_url": "https://rembrandt.aidispatch.xyz/object/np-rmb-001", "source_name": "The Rembrandt Open Impression Project", "evidence_tier": "user_submission", "confidence": "possible", "review_state": "needs_review", "verified_on": null, "verified_by": null, "notes": "This project's own sheet, listed on the same terms as every other row and at the weakest evidence tier, because that is what its documentation currently supports. It is not the reference impression for anything; the institutional rows above are better evidence about this plate than this one is." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "RQ-01", "slug": "does-this-impression-carry-the-signature", "title": "Does this impression carry the signature “Rembrandt f. 1638”, and if not, why not?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "low", "suitable_for_student": true, "why_it_matters": "The owner's working record describes the sheet as “state III of IV, without signature.” The Rijksmuseum's record for its impression of this composition states the inscription “Rembrandt f. 1638”. These cannot both describe the same thing. Either the phrase in the working record means something other than what it appears to mean, or the sheet is trimmed through the signature, or the working record is wrong. This is the cheapest open question on the board to resolve and it unblocks several others: a description that is wrong about the signature cannot be trusted about the state.", "current_evidence": "One institutional record (Rijksmuseum RP-P-1961-989) states the inscription “Rembrandt f. 1638”, alongside Lugt collector marks 176 and 2228, for an impression catalogued as New Hollstein 170-1(4) — that is, state I of IV. The project has not located any source describing a state of this plate in which the signature is absent. The sheet itself has not been examined.", "hypotheses": [ { "statement": "The signature is present and the working record's phrase “without signature” was copied from a description of a different lot or a different print.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "A transcription crossover would also explain the dimensional inconsistency in RQ-03. One error in a compiled record often has one cause." }, { "statement": "The signature is physically present but lost to the trimming at the left margin.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "The Rijksmuseum record places the inscription in the upper area of the plate. Whether trimming at the left could remove it depends on exactly where it sits and how much was taken." }, { "statement": "A later state of the plate had the signature burnished out or worn away.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Would need a source. Signatures do wear, and reworked plates are sometimes altered. The project has no evidence for this and does not assert it." } ], "methods": [ "Photograph the recto and look. This is the whole method.", "If the signature area is damaged or ambiguous, examine under magnification and raking light.", "Compare the position of the signature against a high-resolution institutional impression before concluding that trimming removed it." ], "resolving_evidence": "A single colour-managed recto photograph at sufficient resolution to read the plate's upper area.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Rijksmuseum RP-P-1961-989 (records the inscription)", "url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-1961-989" }, { "label": "Impression census — compare recorded inscriptions", "url": "/census" } ], "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR" ], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-02", "RQ-03" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-02", "slug": "which-of-the-four-states", "title": "Which of the four New Hollstein states is this impression, and what distinguishes state III from state IV?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "medium", "suitable_for_student": true, "why_it_matters": "State is the single field that most affects how a print is understood: it locates the sheet in the life of the plate. The working record says state III of IV. The four-state division is corroborated, but the project has not verified this sheet's position within it, and has not yet established from a published source what physically distinguishes each state. Without the diagnostic features written down, the claim “state III” is not checkable by anyone, including us.", "current_evidence": "The four-state division is corroborated by two independent sources: the Rijksmuseum catalogues its impression as New Hollstein 170-1(4), and a Bonhams catalogue entry of December 2022 describes another impression as “New Hollstein's second state (of four)”. Neither source sets out what changes between the states. The project does not hold the New Hollstein volumes.", "hypotheses": [ { "statement": "This impression is state III, as the working record states.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Currently rests entirely on the working record, which RQ-01 gives reason to doubt on a neighbouring field." }, { "statement": "The later states involve rework of the plate after Rembrandt's lifetime.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Frequently the case with Rembrandt plates, which continued to be printed and reworked for centuries. It is a reasonable prior and it is not evidence. It has been kept out of the object record and left here as a hypothesis until a published catalogue says so for this plate." } ], "methods": [ "Consult the New Hollstein Rembrandt volumes for the state descriptions and their diagnostic features. Transcribe them into a state feature atlas so that the comparison is reproducible.", "Assemble high-resolution images of securely catalogued impressions of each state from institutional collections and identify each diagnostic feature visually.", "Compare this impression against the atlas, feature by feature, recording each as present, absent or indeterminate rather than reaching a single verdict." ], "resolving_evidence": "A state determination by a specialist in Old Master prints, made against the catalogue and stated with the features they relied on.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "British Museum collection online", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection" }, { "label": "Rijksmuseum collection", "url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection" }, { "label": "Impression census, filterable by state", "url": "/census" } ], "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD", "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE" ], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-01", "RQ-06", "RQ-09" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-03", "slug": "plate-and-sheet-dimensions", "title": "What are the plate and sheet dimensions, and does a plate mark survive on any edge?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "low", "suitable_for_student": false, "why_it_matters": "Dimensions are how a census row is matched, and a figure whose convention is unstated cannot be compared with anything. The working record gives approximately 137 × 104 mm without saying whether that is the plate or the sheet, while also describing the sheet as roughly trimmed. The Rijksmuseum records 134 × 103 mm for its impression. A surviving plate mark on any edge also tells you how much of the original sheet is left, which bears on what evidence has been lost.", "current_evidence": "Working record: approximately 137 × 104 mm, convention unstated, described as approximate. Rijksmuseum RP-P-1961-989: 134 × 103 mm. Bonhams 2022 lot (a different impression): sheet 125 × 103 mm, trimmed by 9 mm at the top and along the lower plate mark.", "hypotheses": [ { "statement": "The 137 × 104 mm figure is a sheet measurement including a margin beyond the plate mark on the untrimmed edges.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Would be internally consistent: trimmed on one edge, margin retained on others." }, { "statement": "The figure was transcribed from a description of a different object.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Shares a possible cause with RQ-01." } ], "methods": [ "Measure under a conservation protocol, recording plate mark and sheet separately, to the millimetre, stating the convention and the measuring instrument.", "Record which edges retain a plate mark and which are cut, edge by edge.", "Photograph with a scale bar in frame so the measurement is checkable from the image." ], "resolving_evidence": "A measured record made during the conservator visit, with the convention stated.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Rijksmuseum RP-P-1961-989", "url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-1961-989" }, { "label": "Bonhams 27424 lot 2 (comparator measurements)", "url": "https://www.bonhams.com/auction/27424/lot/2/" } ], "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-01", "RQ-07" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-04", "slug": "watermark-identification", "title": "Does the sheet carry a watermark, and can it narrow the period in which this impression was printed?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "high", "suitable_for_student": false, "why_it_matters": "This is the question with the highest information value in the whole record. Rembrandt's plates were printed long after his death, and the image alone rarely settles when a given sheet was pulled. The paper can. Watermarks in the papers Rembrandt used have been studied and catalogued in enough depth that an identified mark can place a sheet within a range of years. A negative result — no watermark in the surviving area — is also a real result and would close the cheapest route to dating this impression.", "current_evidence": "Nothing. The sheet has not been examined in transmitted light. A comparator impression sold in 2022 carried a partial Strasbourg Lily watermark, which shows the kind of evidence that can survive on a trimmed sheet of this print.", "hypotheses": [ { "statement": "A watermark or watermark fragment survives in the sheet.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Trimming reduces the odds. On a sheet of roughly this size the mark is as likely as not to fall outside what remains." }, { "statement": "If a mark is found and identified, it will indicate a printing later than Rembrandt's lifetime.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Recorded as a hypothesis with no evidence behind it, so that it is on the board and cannot quietly become an assumption. The project has no finding on this." } ], "methods": [ "Transmitted-light photography, by a method a paper conservator approves in writing, capturing the full sheet.", "If a mark is present, record it to the standard descriptive conventions and measure it against the chain lines.", "Compare against the published corpora of watermarks in Rembrandt's papers.", "If no mark is visible, record the null result with the method used, so that the negative is as citable as a positive would be." ], "resolving_evidence": "A transmitted-light image, and either an identification against a published watermark corpus or a documented null result.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Conservation and material studies — imaging methods under consideration", "url": "/conservation" }, { "label": "Bibliography — watermark literature", "url": "/bibliography" } ], "evidence_ids": [ "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR" ], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-05", "RQ-06" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-05", "slug": "chain-line-spacing", "title": "What is the chain-line spacing, and does it match any impression already recorded in the census?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "medium", "suitable_for_student": true, "why_it_matters": "Chain lines are the widely spaced lines left in laid paper by the mould's supporting wires. Their spacing is a property of the individual mould, so it is a fingerprint of a batch of paper in a way that “laid paper” is not. Where a watermark is missing or fragmentary, chain-line spacing is sometimes the only measurable feature of the sheet — and unlike a watermark, it is present across the whole sheet, so trimming rarely removes it entirely. It is also a good student project: the measurement is straightforward once the image exists.", "current_evidence": "None. Laid structure has not been observed; even the claim that the support is laid paper is currently an assumption rather than an observation.", "hypotheses": [], "methods": [ "Measure chain-line intervals from the transmitted-light image, at several points, recording the range rather than a single figure.", "Record the laid-line density in the same image.", "Publish the measurements in a standard form so other holders of impressions can compare theirs — the value of this measurement is entirely in its comparability." ], "resolving_evidence": "Measurements taken from a transmitted-light image, published in a comparable format.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Paper fingerprint template", "url": "/conservation#paper-fingerprint" } ], "evidence_ids": [ "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR" ], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-04" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-06", "slug": "lifetime-or-posthumous", "title": "Was this impression printed during Rembrandt's lifetime, or later?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "high", "suitable_for_student": false, "why_it_matters": "This is the question everything else feeds. Rembrandt's copper plates survived him and were printed, reworked and reprinted for a very long time afterwards. An impression pulled in the seventeenth century and one pulled in the nineteenth are the same image and are not the same object: they differ in what they record about the plate, in what they can be used to study, and in where they sit in the history of the print's transmission. The honest position today is that the project does not know, and no part of this record assumes an answer.", "current_evidence": "Nothing decisive. The working record's state attribution, if correct, would bear on it. The paper has not been examined. The plate wear has not been assessed.", "hypotheses": [ { "statement": "This is a later impression rather than a lifetime one.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Recorded as a hypothesis with no evidence currently behind it. The plate was reworked and reprinted for centuries, so later impressions are simply more numerous than early ones — but a prior about the population is not evidence about a sheet, and it is not treated as any here." } ], "methods": [ "Resolve the watermark question (RQ-04) — the strongest single line of evidence.", "Resolve the state question (RQ-02) against the catalogue.", "Assess plate wear against securely dated impressions (RQ-09, RQ-12).", "Examine the ink and printing character alongside comparator impressions, with a specialist." ], "resolving_evidence": "Convergence of the paper evidence, the state determination and the plate-wear assessment. No single one of them settles it alone.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Impression census", "url": "/census" } ], "evidence_ids": [], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-02", "RQ-04", "RQ-09", "RQ-12" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-07", "slug": "verso-marks-and-inscriptions", "title": "Does the verso carry collector marks, dealer codes or inscriptions?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "low", "suitable_for_student": true, "why_it_matters": "The back of a print is where its ownership history is usually written: collectors' stamps, dealers' stock numbers, pencil annotations, mount and hinge remnants. This is the most likely single route into the 385-year gap in the provenance. The Rijksmuseum's impression carries two identified collector marks; there is no reason in principle this sheet could not carry one.", "current_evidence": "None. The verso has not been photographed or described. The working record is silent on it, which is not the same as recording that it is blank.", "hypotheses": [ { "statement": "The verso is blank.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "Common enough. Would be a genuine negative finding and would be recorded as one." } ], "methods": [ "Verso photography under the same documentation discipline as the recto.", "Any mark found is compared against the standard reference for collectors' marks and cited by its Lugt number.", "Pencil inscriptions are transcribed exactly, including anything illegible, marked as such." ], "resolving_evidence": "A verso photograph, plus identification of any mark against the standard reference.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Marques de collections (Lugt database)", "url": "https://www.marquesdecollections.fr/" }, { "label": "Fondation Custodia — collectors' marks", "url": "https://www.fondationcustodia.fr/" } ], "evidence_ids": [ "EV-NO-CONSERVATOR" ], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-11" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-08", "slug": "locating-the-2023-lot", "title": "Which sale and lot was this sheet bought as in 2023?", "status": "partially_resolved", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "low", "suitable_for_student": false, "why_it_matters": "The auction catalogue entry is the most recent independent description of the object by someone who had it in their hands. It would give a professional cataloguer's reading of the state, the dimensions and the condition, and it may name a consignor or state a prior provenance. It is the shortest path to a second opinion on almost every open field.", "current_evidence": "The purchase is documented by invoice held privately, so the transaction itself is not in question. The corresponding public lot page has not been located. A systematic search of the house's public archive and the main aggregators did not find a matching lot in New York in 2023; the only impression of this print traceable in that archive is a different sheet sold in London in December 2022.", "hypotheses": [ { "statement": "The lot was sold through a regional or online-only sale whose lot pages are not surfaced by the house's public keyword search.", "confidence": "probable", "note": "The search established that the house's public search returns forthcoming lots rather than past ones, and that past lots are reachable only by direct URL. A lot can therefore exist in the archive and be effectively unfindable by search." }, { "statement": "The sale was not held in New York, and “New York” in the working record refers to something else — the buyer's shipping route, or the house generally.", "confidence": "possible", "note": null } ], "methods": [ "Read the sale number and lot number off the invoice. One document settles this.", "Failing that, request the catalogue entry from the auction house directly, citing the invoice." ], "resolving_evidence": "The invoice, or a confirmation from the house.", "negative_findings": [ { "finding": "The auction house's public keyword search does not return past lots; it returns forthcoming consignments. Past lots are reachable only through direct sale-and-lot URLs, which are discoverable through external search engines but not through the house's own search. A negative result from that search therefore does not establish that a lot does not exist.", "date": "2026-08-12", "by": null }, { "finding": "Sale index pages render only a partial sample of lots to an unauthenticated request. A sale that appears to contain no Rembrandt material may contain several. Any negative finding drawn from a sale index page is unsafe.", "date": "2026-08-12", "by": null }, { "finding": "The major aggregators — Invaluable, MutualArt, the-saleroom, LiveArt — gate realised prices behind a login, and artnet and Artprice behind a subscription. None of them can be used to establish a negative.", "date": "2026-08-12", "by": null } ], "resources": [ { "label": "Bonhams 27424 lot 2 — the impression that is not this one", "url": "https://www.bonhams.com/auction/27424/lot/2/" } ], "evidence_ids": [ "EV-ACQ-INVOICE", "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE" ], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-11" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-09", "slug": "drypoint-burr-and-plate-wear", "title": "Does any drypoint burr survive in this impression, and what does the plate wear indicate?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "medium", "suitable_for_student": false, "why_it_matters": "Drypoint burr — the ridge of metal thrown up by the needle — holds ink and prints as a soft, velvety black. It is also fragile: it collapses within a few dozen impressions. Where burr is present the sheet is early; where the same passages print thin and grey, it is late. Since the Rijksmuseum catalogues this composition as etching and drypoint, the print has burr to lose, which makes it a usable wear indicator for this plate specifically.", "current_evidence": "The Rijksmuseum records the technique of this composition as etching and drypoint. Whether drypoint passages exist in this impression, and in what condition, has not been examined.", "hypotheses": [], "methods": [ "Examine the drypoint passages under magnification and raking light.", "Compare the same passages against high-resolution images of impressions whose state is securely catalogued.", "Record the assessment passage by passage rather than as a single verdict on the sheet." ], "resolving_evidence": "A specialist's assessment against comparator impressions, with the passages compared identified.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Impression census", "url": "/census" } ], "evidence_ids": [], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-06", "RQ-12" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-10", "slug": "dampstaining-cause-and-stability", "title": "What caused the dampstaining, and is it stable?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "medium", "suitable_for_student": false, "why_it_matters": "Two distinct things are being asked. The conservation question is whether the staining is active and threatens the support — that determines whether anything should be done. The historical question is what the staining records: water damage is an event in the sheet's life, and its pattern can indicate how the print was stored, whether it was once bound or mounted, and whether it shares a history with other sheets bearing the same pattern. The project will not commission treatment to improve appearance. It will act on a stability finding.", "current_evidence": "A sale-catalogue description of wrinkling and dampstaining at the lower left extending partly into the image. No examination, no assessment of activity, no pH measurement.", "hypotheses": [ { "statement": "The staining is historic and stable.", "confidence": "possible", "note": "The most common finding for damage of this kind, and the project's working assumption for handling purposes — which is to say, it is treated as unknown and handled carefully." } ], "methods": [ "Conservator examination, including examination under ultraviolet light for the extent of the staining and any previous treatment.", "Assessment of whether tidelines are defined and whether there is any evidence of mould.", "Documentation of the pattern in raking light, which sometimes shows the fold or stacking that produced it." ], "resolving_evidence": "A baseline condition report by a qualified paper conservator.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Conservation and material studies", "url": "/conservation" } ], "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-11", "slug": "ownership-before-2023", "title": "Can any owner of this sheet before 2023 be identified?", "status": "open", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "high", "suitable_for_student": false, "why_it_matters": "The provenance is a 385-year blank followed by one documented sale. Any evidenced point inside that blank is a substantive addition — not because it makes the object more valuable, but because a print with a traceable history is a different research object from one without. Impressions with recorded provenance can be placed in collections, and collections can be dated, which loops back to when the sheet was printed.", "current_evidence": "None. No collector mark has been observed because the verso has not been examined. The consignor to the 2023 sale is not known to the project.", "hypotheses": [], "methods": [ "Examine the verso for marks and inscriptions (RQ-07); identify any mark by its Lugt number.", "If a mark is identified, search the relevant collection's sale catalogues and the standard provenance indexes.", "Ask the auction house whether the consignor consents to be named — often they do not, and that answer is itself worth recording." ], "resolving_evidence": "A collector's mark, a dealer's stock number, or an entry in an earlier sale catalogue that can be matched on measurements and condition features.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Getty Provenance Index", "url": "https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/provenance/" }, { "label": "Marques de collections", "url": "https://www.marquesdecollections.fr/" } ], "evidence_ids": [], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-07", "RQ-08" ], "contributions": [] }, { "id": "RQ-12", "slug": "comparator-impressions-for-wear", "title": "Which institutional impressions are the right comparators for assessing wear in this one?", "status": "under_investigation", "opened": "2026-08-12", "updated": "2026-08-12", "difficulty": "medium", "suitable_for_student": true, "why_it_matters": "Every wear judgement is a comparison, and the comparison is only as good as the comparators. Building a short list of impressions that are securely catalogued by state, openly imaged at high resolution, and reusable under an open licence is a piece of work that helps anyone studying this plate, not only this project. It is the part of the census that is useful to scholars who have no interest in a privately held sheet.", "current_evidence": "The census has been opened and is being populated from institutional collection records. Coverage by state is currently uneven.", "hypotheses": [], "methods": [ "Populate the census from institutional collection records, recording each institution's own cataloguing verbatim.", "Flag which records state a state, which expose an openly licensed image, and which expose a IIIF manifest that can be compared side by side.", "Identify gaps by state and approach the institutions holding relevant impressions." ], "resolving_evidence": "A census with at least one openly imaged, securely catalogued impression per state.", "negative_findings": [], "resources": [ { "label": "Impression census", "url": "/census" } ], "evidence_ids": [], "bibliography_ids": [], "related_questions": [ "RQ-02", "RQ-09" ], "contributions": [] } ], "provenance": [ { "id": "PV-001", "type": "creation", "is_gap": false, "date_start": "1638", "date_end": "1638", "sort_year": 1638, "date_display": "1638", "date_precision": "year", "title": "Rembrandt works the plate", "description": "Rembrandt etches the copper plate in Amsterdam. This event belongs to the work, not to this sheet: it is the origin of the image, and it is the only point on this timeline that is securely dated.", "actor_ids": [ "AG-REMBRANDT" ], "place": "Amsterdam", "price": null, "evidence_ids": [ "EV-WORKING-RECORD" ], "confidence": "probable", "applies_to": "work_concept" }, { "id": "PV-002", "type": "printing", "is_gap": false, "date_start": null, "date_end": null, "sort_year": 1640, "date_display": "Date unknown", "date_precision": "unknown", "title": "This impression is printed", "description": "At some point the plate was inked and this sheet was pulled from it. That moment may be contemporary with the plate, or it may be a century or more later. Nothing currently in the record fixes it. The paper is the evidence that would.", "actor_ids": [], "place": null, "price": null, "evidence_ids": [], "confidence": "unknown", "applies_to": "this_impression" }, { "id": "PV-003", "type": "gap", "is_gap": true, "date_start": "1638", "date_end": "2023", "sort_year": 1700, "date_display": "1638 – 2023", "date_precision": "range", "title": "No documented ownership", "description": "Approximately 385 years for which the project holds no evidence of where this sheet was or who held it. This is not a stylistic gap in the narrative; it is the actual state of knowledge. Filling any part of it — a collector's mark, a dealer's stock number, an entry in a nineteenth-century sale catalogue — would be a substantive contribution.", "actor_ids": [], "place": null, "price": null, "evidence_ids": [], "confidence": "unknown", "applies_to": "this_impression" }, { "id": "PV-004", "type": "sale", "is_gap": false, "date_start": "2023", "date_end": "2023", "sort_year": 2023, "date_display": "2023", "date_precision": "year", "title": "Sold at Bonhams, New York", "description": "The sheet is offered and sold at auction in New York. The purchase is documented by invoice. The sale title, date and lot number are held in that document and have not yet been transcribed into this record; the consignor is not known to the project.", "actor_ids": [ "AG-BONHAMS" ], "place": "New York", "price": null, "evidence_ids": [ "EV-ACQ-INVOICE", "EV-ACQ-CATALOGUE" ], "confidence": "strongly_supported", "applies_to": "this_impression" }, { "id": "PV-005", "type": "ownership", "is_gap": false, "date_start": "2023", "date_end": null, "sort_year": 2024, "date_display": "2023 – present", "date_precision": "year", "title": "Private collection, Dubai", "description": "Held in a private collection in Dubai. The sheet has not been exhibited, lent, published or examined by a conservator during this period. It has not been displayed, so its cumulative light exposure in these years is nil.", "actor_ids": [ "AG-OWNER" ], "place": "Dubai, United Arab Emirates", "price": null, "evidence_ids": [ "EV-ACQ-INVOICE" ], "confidence": "confirmed", "applies_to": "this_impression" }, { "id": "PV-006", "type": "publication", "is_gap": false, "date_start": "2026-08-12", "date_end": null, "sort_year": 2026, "date_display": "12 August 2026", "date_precision": "exact", "title": "Open research record published", "description": "The object receives the identifier NP-RMB-001 and a public record. Publication itself becomes part of the provenance: from this date the sheet has a citable, versioned scholarly history that travels with it.", "actor_ids": [ "AG-PROJECT" ], "place": null, "price": null, "evidence_ids": [], "confidence": "confirmed", "applies_to": "this_impression" } ], "bibliography": [ { "id": "hinterding-2006", "type": "book", "authors": [ "Erik Hinterding" ], "editors": [], "title": "Rembrandt as an Etcher: The Practice of Production and Distribution", "container": null, "publisher": "UNVERIFIED", "place": "UNVERIFIED", "year": 2006, "volumes": "3", "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://www.codart.nl/feature/curators-project/the-watermark-identification-in-rembrandts-etchings-wire-project/", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": false, "relevance": "Title, subtitle, year (2006) and volume count (3 vols.) are CONFIRMED by two independent sources: the CODART WIRE feature and JHNA 12:2 (2020), which gives 'Rembrandt as an Etcher: The Practice of Production and Distribution (3 vols., 2006)'. PUBLISHER AND PLACE ARE NOT VERIFIED and must not be supplied from memory. This work is commonly associated with the Sound & Vision / Studies in Prints and Printmaking series, but that association was NOT confirmed here.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "ash-fletcher-1998", "type": "book", "authors": [ "Nancy Ash", "Shelley Fletcher" ], "editors": [], "title": "Watermarks in Rembrandt's Prints", "container": null, "publisher": "UNVERIFIED (believed National Gallery of Art, Washington)", "place": "UNVERIFIED (believed Washington, D.C.)", "year": 1998, "volumes": null, "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://jhna.org/articles/decision-trees-for-watermark-identification-in-rembrandts-etchings/", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": false, "relevance": "The YEAR 1998 and the scope (a study of 2,765 impressions) are CONFIRMED by JHNA 12:2 (2020), which refers to 'Ash and Fletcher's earlier 1998 study of 2,765 impressions'. The exact title wording, publisher and place were NOT independently confirmed in a library catalogue during compilation. The National Gallery of Art attribution is the widely held understanding but is recorded here as unverified.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "new-hollstein-rembrandt", "type": "catalogue_raisonne", "authors": [ "Erik Hinterding", "Jaco Rutgers" ], "editors": [], "title": "The New Hollstein Dutch & Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts, 1450-1700: Rembrandt", "container": "The New Hollstein Dutch & Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts, 1450-1700", "publisher": "Sound & Vision Interactive (per the NGA citation); the completed Rembrandt volumes are associated with Sound & Vision Publishers", "place": "Rotterdam (per the NGA citation)", "year": 2013, "volumes": "UNVERIFIED", "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://www.nga.gov/artworks/9997-self-portrait-velvet-cap-plume", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": false, "relevance": "AUTHORS CONFIRMED as Erik Hinterding and Jaco Rutgers by the NGA bibliography entry, which reads: 'The New Hollstein Dutch & Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts, 1450-1700. (Rembrandt, Erik Hinterding and Jaco Rutgers, authors). Rotterdam: Sound & Vision Interactive, 1996-, no. 170, state ii/iii.' The 2013 date for the completed Rembrandt catalogue is CONFIRMED by the CODART WIRE feature ('subsequently incorporated into the New Hollstein Rembrandt catalogue (2013)'). NUMBER OF VOLUMES, EDITOR (as distinct from authors) AND ISBN ARE UNVERIFIED. Note the NGA citation's open-ended '1996-' reflects the serial nature of the New Hollstein, not the Rembrandt volumes' date.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "bartsch-rembrandt", "type": "catalogue_raisonne", "authors": [ "Adam von Bartsch" ], "editors": [], "title": "Catalogue raisonne de toutes les estampes qui forment l'oeuvre de Rembrandt", "container": null, "publisher": "UNVERIFIED", "place": "UNVERIFIED (believed Vienna)", "year": null, "volumes": "UNVERIFIED", "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": null, "accessed": null, "verified": false, "relevance": "NOT VERIFIED during compilation. The existence of Bartsch's Rembrandt catalogue and the currency of its numbering (B.20) are confirmed indirectly by every institutional record consulted, all of which cite 'Bartsch 20'. But the publication year, place, publisher, volume count and the exact French title as printed were NOT confirmed against a library catalogue. Commonly cited as Vienna, 1797, but THAT DATE IS NOT VERIFIED HERE and must be checked before use.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "white-boon-1969", "type": "catalogue_raisonne", "authors": [ "Christopher White", "Karel G. Boon" ], "editors": [], "title": "Rembrandt's Etchings: An Illustrated Critical Catalogue", "container": "Hollstein's Dutch and Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts, vols XVIII-XIX", "publisher": "Van Gendt & Co.", "place": "Amsterdam", "year": 1969, "volumes": "2", "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://www.nga.gov/artworks/9997-self-portrait-velvet-cap-plume", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": true, "relevance": "CONFIRMED from two tier-1 records. The NGA bibliography gives: 'White, Christopher and Karel G. Boon. Rembrandt's Etchings. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Van Gendt & Co., 1969.' The British Museum bibliographic reference gives the fuller title: 'White & Boon 1969 / Rembrandt's Etchings: An Illustrated Critical Catalogue'. The association with Hollstein vols XVIII-XIX is the standard understanding but was NOT explicitly confirmed by either record.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "hind-1923", "type": "catalogue_raisonne", "authors": [ "Arthur M. Hind" ], "editors": [], "title": "A Catalogue of Rembrandt's Etchings, Chronologically Arranged and Completely Illustrated", "container": null, "publisher": "Methuen and Co. Ltd.", "place": "London", "year": 1923, "volumes": null, "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://www.nga.gov/artworks/9997-self-portrait-velvet-cap-plume", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": true, "relevance": "CONFIRMED. NGA bibliography: 'Hind, Arthur M. A Catalogue of Rembrandt's Etchings. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1923.' The fuller subtitle ('chronologically arranged and completely illustrated') comes from the British Museum's bibliographic reference field. B.20 = Hind 156.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "johnson-2020-jhna", "type": "article", "authors": [ "C. Richard Johnson Jr." ], "editors": [], "title": "Decision Trees for Watermark Identification in Rembrandt's Etchings", "container": "Journal of Historians of Netherlandish Art", "publisher": "Historians of Netherlandish Art", "place": null, "year": 2020, "volumes": "vol. 12, no. 2", "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://jhna.org/articles/decision-trees-for-watermark-identification-in-rembrandts-etchings/", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": true, "relevance": "CONFIRMED, including DOI 10.5092/jhna.2020.12.2.5. This is the strongest fully-verified methodological citation in this file and the safest single source to cite for watermark method.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "rembrandt-by-himself-1999", "type": "exhibition_catalogue", "authors": [], "editors": [], "title": "Rembrandt by Himself (exhibition); cited by the British Museum as 'London-The Hague, Rembrandt's Self-Portraits, 1999-2000'", "container": null, "publisher": "UNVERIFIED", "place": "London (National Gallery) and The Hague (Mauritshuis)", "year": 1999, "volumes": null, "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1910-0212-376", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": false, "relevance": "The EXHIBITION is confirmed by the British Museum record (exhibited 'Jun-Sep 1999, London, National Gallery, Rembrandt by Himself') and the BM cites the catalogue as 'London-The Hague, Rembrandt's Self-Portraits, 1999-2000, cat.no.49'. The catalogue's authors, editors, publisher and ISBN are UNVERIFIED. B.20 IS cat. no. 49 in that catalogue - the most specific published scholarly reference to this print located during compilation.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "chain-line-pattern-matching-chapter", "type": "article", "authors": [], "editors": [], "title": "Chain Line Pattern Matching and Rembrandt's Prints", "container": "Rembrandt and his Circle (chapter 17)", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place": null, "year": null, "volumes": null, "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/rembrandt-and-his-circle/chain-line-pattern-matching-and-rembrandts-prints/D47DC39ABA1438C72E10DF1EBFCE1E19", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": false, "relevance": "Chapter title, chapter number, volume title and publisher CONFIRMED from the Cambridge Core listing. AUTHORS, EDITORS, YEAR AND PAGE RANGE ARE UNVERIFIED.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "lugt-marques", "type": "book", "authors": [ "Frits Lugt" ], "editors": [], "title": "Les Marques de Collections de Dessins & d'Estampes", "container": null, "publisher": "UNVERIFIED", "place": "UNVERIFIED (believed Amsterdam)", "year": 1921, "volumes": null, "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://www.marquesdecollections.fr/", "accessed": "2026-08-12", "verified": false, "relevance": "The 1921 date is supported by a search-result summary stating that in 1921 Lugt 'completed Les marques de collections de dessins et d'estampes'. PUBLISHER, PLACE, and the details of the Supplement (published later) are UNVERIFIED. The online home URL was not confirmed by direct retrieval during compilation and should be checked.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "nowell-usticke", "type": "catalogue_raisonne", "authors": [ "G. W. Nowell-Usticke" ], "editors": [], "title": "Rembrandt's Etchings: States and Values", "container": null, "publisher": "UNVERIFIED", "place": "UNVERIFIED", "year": null, "volumes": null, "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": null, "accessed": null, "verified": false, "relevance": "NOT VERIFIED. The catalogue is referred to in the trade (a Douwes Fine Art entry cites 'Nowell-Usticke C1' for this print), which establishes that dealers use the system, but the book's exact title, publisher, place and year were NOT confirmed against any catalogue during compilation.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "munz", "type": "catalogue_raisonne", "authors": [ "Ludwig Munz" ], "editors": [], "title": "UNVERIFIED", "container": null, "publisher": "UNVERIFIED", "place": null, "year": null, "volumes": null, "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": null, "accessed": null, "verified": false, "relevance": "NOT VERIFIED in any respect. No institutional record retrieved for B.20 cites a Munz number, and the book's details were not confirmed. Included only to record that this line of enquiry was attempted and produced nothing citable.", "tags": [] }, { "id": "biorklund-barnard", "type": "catalogue_raisonne", "authors": [ "G. Biorklund", "O. H. Barnard" ], "editors": [], "title": "Rembrandt's Etchings True and False", "container": null, "publisher": "UNVERIFIED", "place": "UNVERIFIED", "year": null, "volumes": null, "pages": null, "isbn": null, "doi": null, "url": null, "accessed": null, "verified": false, "relevance": "NOT VERIFIED. Title as given in the research brief could not be confirmed against a library catalogue, nor could publisher, place, year or edition history.", "tags": [] } ], "states": { "catalogue": "New Hollstein (Hinterding & Rutgers, Rembrandt)", "summary": "How many states this plate has depends entirely on which catalogue you are reading, and the answer ranges from one to four. That is not a bibliographic quibble: a description reading “state III of IV” is unintelligible in three of the five catalogues in common use for this print, and it is precisely the description attached to NP-RMB-001. This atlas sets out what each state is said to look like, which impressions are catalogued in it, and — for one state — the fact that no source the project could reach describes it at all.", "states": [ { "state": "I", "catalogue": "New Hollstein 170", "headline": "Before the jaw is strengthened", "description": "The earliest state. The signature and date are already in the plate, upper left: “Rembrandt f. 1638”. The state is defined negatively, by what has not yet happened — the chin and jaw below the left ear have not been strengthened. No source the project could reach prints a positive description of state I; the characterisation here is inferred from the description of state II and should be checked against the printed catalogue entry.", "diagnostic_features": [ "Signature and date present in the plate, upper left", "Chin and jaw below the left ear not yet delineated", "No cross-hatching in the beret above the plume" ], "signature_status": "Present", "documented": true, "source_url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-1961-989", "source_name": "Rijksmuseum RP-P-1961-989, catalogued New Hollstein 170-1(4)", "caveat": "The Rijksmuseum record gives the state designation and records the inscription, but does not print a description of what distinguishes state I. The negative characterisation is an inference.", "census_ids": [] }, { "state": "II", "catalogue": "New Hollstein 170", "headline": "The jaw delineated", "description": "The British Museum's curatorial description, used verbatim for two separate impressions, is “second state with jaw delineated”. Expanded, the chin below the left ear is now clearly defined, and the beret above the plume has not yet been cross-hatched. The signature remains present. This is the best-attested state in the census: it accounts for more recorded impressions than any other.", "diagnostic_features": [ "Chin below the left ear clearly defined", "Before the cross-hatching in the beret above the plume", "Signature and date present" ], "signature_status": "Present", "documented": true, "source_url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1910-0212-376", "source_name": "British Museum 1910,0212.376 and F,4.25, both catalogued New Hollstein 170.II", "caveat": null, "census_ids": [] }, { "state": "III", "catalogue": "New Hollstein 170", "headline": "Not described in any source the project could reach", "description": "No collection record, published description or accessible catalogue transcription retrieved by this project describes state III, and no impression catalogued as 170.III was located in any collection searched. What can be said is bounded: state II is defined as being before the cross-hatching in the beret above the plume, so state III is where that cross-hatching should appear. That is an inference from the neighbouring definition, not a documented description, and it is recorded as an inference. Resolving it requires the printed New Hollstein entry for no. 170, which the project does not hold.", "diagnostic_features": [ "Inferred: cross-hatching added to the beret above the plume", "Position in the sequence: after the jaw is delineated, before the plate is reworked for the Basan re-issue" ], "signature_status": "Not documented. Since state IV is defined by the signature being redrawn, the signature must have degraded on the plate at some point before that rework — which is consistent with a late state III showing a faint or broken signature, though no source states this.", "documented": false, "source_url": null, "source_name": null, "caveat": "This is the weakest link in the sequence, and it is exactly the state the working record claims for NP-RMB-001. Any determination of “state III” for this sheet currently rests on a description nobody can check. See RQ-02.", "census_ids": [] }, { "state": "IV", "catalogue": "New Hollstein 170", "headline": "The signature redrawn, for the Basan re-issue", "description": "“Fourth state with signature redrawn; from an edition of the Recueil published by Henri Louis Basan around 1810.” The British Museum credits the plate rework to François Basan and the publication to Henri Louis Basan, Paris. The Rijksmuseum's impression in this state is likewise associated with the Basan workshop and with a later nineteenth-century printing. State IV is therefore posthumous by definition: it exists because someone reworked Rembrandt's plate roughly a century and a half after his death in order to print it again.", "diagnostic_features": [ "Signature redrawn rather than original", "Associated with the Recueil Basan, published in Paris around 1810", "Plate rework attributed to François Basan" ], "signature_status": "Present, but redrawn", "documented": true, "source_url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1941-0327-11-3", "source_name": "British Museum 1941,0327.11.3, catalogued New Hollstein 170.IV", "caveat": null, "census_ids": [] } ], "divisions": [ { "catalogue": "Bartsch, 1797", "states_recognised": "1", "evidence": "The Rijksmuseum renders the reference as “Bartsch 20-1(1)” — state 1 of 1.", "source_url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-1961-989", "source_name": "Rijksmuseum", "verified": true, "interpretation": null }, { "catalogue": "Hollstein, original series", "states_recognised": "1", "evidence": "The Rijksmuseum renders the reference as “Hollstein Dutch 20-1(1)”.", "source_url": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-1961-989", "source_name": "Rijksmuseum", "verified": true, "interpretation": null }, { "catalogue": "White & Boon, 1969", "states_recognised": "1", "evidence": "The National Gallery of Art's catalogue raisonné field reads verbatim: “White/Boon 1969, no. 20, State only.” “State only” means no state divisions were recognised.", "source_url": "https://www.nga.gov/artworks/9997-self-portrait-velvet-cap-plume", "source_name": "National Gallery of Art", "verified": true, "interpretation": null }, { "catalogue": "New Hollstein, as cited by the National Gallery of Art", "states_recognised": "3", "evidence": "The NGA record's bibliography entry cites “The New Hollstein … no. 170, state ii/iii” — a three-state reading of the same catalogue that the British Museum and the Rijksmuseum read as four.", "source_url": "https://www.nga.gov/artworks/9997-self-portrait-velvet-cap-plume", "source_name": "National Gallery of Art", "verified": true, "interpretation": "The NGA citation points at the open-ended serial publication rather than at the completed Rembrandt volumes, so this is most likely an interim reading that was later superseded. That explanation is plausible and is not documented; it is recorded here as an interpretation, not a finding." }, { "catalogue": "New Hollstein, Rembrandt (Hinterding & Rutgers)", "states_recognised": "4", "evidence": "The British Museum cites impressions as “New Hollstein 170.II” and “170.IV”; the Rijksmuseum renders its impressions “170-1(4)”, “170-2(4)” and “170-4(4)”.", "source_url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1941-0327-11-3", "source_name": "British Museum and Rijksmuseum", "verified": true, "interpretation": null } ] }, "changelog": [ { "id": "CH-001", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "release", "summary": "Record published at version 0.9", "detail": "The object receives the identifier NP-RMB-001 and a public record. Every field is published with its evidence and a confidence state. The record is opened for correction from the first day rather than after a period of private polishing.", "affected": [ "np-rmb-001" ], "reason": "A record that is not public cannot be corrected by anyone who knows better.", "credited_to": null, "reviewed_by": null, "dossier_version": "0.9" }, { "id": "CH-002", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "correction", "summary": "Working record's dimensions flagged as internally inconsistent", "detail": "The owner's working record gives the sheet as approximately 137 × 104 mm and simultaneously describes it as roughly trimmed at the left margin. The Rijksmuseum records its impression of this composition (RP-P-1961-989) at 134 × 103 mm. A trimmed sheet being larger than the recorded dimensions of an untrimmed institutional impression is not impossible — sheets can carry margins beyond the plate mark — but the working record does not state whether its figure is the plate or the sheet, and the two readings cannot both be right. The dimension claim has been lowered to 'possible' and remeasurement placed on the version 1.0 gate list.", "affected": [ "CL-DIMENSIONS", "RQ-03" ], "reason": "A measurement whose convention is unstated is not a measurement. Publishing it at high confidence would propagate an error into any record that cites us.", "credited_to": null, "reviewed_by": null, "dossier_version": "0.9" }, { "id": "CH-003", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "correction", "summary": "Working record's description 'without signature' contradicted by an institutional record", "detail": "The working record describes the impression as 'state III of IV, without signature'. The Rijksmuseum's record for its impression of this composition states the inscription 'Rembrandt f. 1638'. The project has not seen a source establishing that any state of this plate lacks the signature. Either the working record is describing something else by 'without signature', or it is in error. The state claim has been lowered to 'possible' and opened as RQ-01 rather than corrected in place, because the project does not yet know which reading is right.", "affected": [ "CL-STATE", "RQ-01" ], "reason": "Where the project's own record and an institutional record disagree, the disagreement is published rather than resolved by assumption in the owner's favour.", "credited_to": null, "reviewed_by": null, "dossier_version": "0.9" }, { "id": "CH-004", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "new_evidence", "summary": "Four-state division for New Hollstein 170 corroborated by two independent sources", "detail": "The Rijksmuseum records its impression as New Hollstein 170-1(4), and a Bonhams catalogue entry of December 2022 describes a different impression as 'New Hollstein's second state (of four)'. Two independent sources agreeing on a four-state division supports the working record's 'of IV'. What remains unverified is this sheet's position within that division.", "affected": [ "CL-STATE", "RQ-02" ], "reason": "Corroboration from independent sources raises confidence in the framework even while the specific claim within it stays open.", "credited_to": null, "reviewed_by": null, "dossier_version": "0.9" }, { "id": "CH-005", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "addition", "summary": "Acquisition lot not located in public auction archives — recorded as a negative finding", "detail": "A systematic search of the auction house's public archive and the main aggregators did not locate the 2023 New York lot described in the working record. The search path, including which archives gate their results and how deeply each was reachable, is published under RQ-08 so that nobody repeats it. The purchase itself is not in doubt: it is documented by invoice. What is missing is the public catalogue entry.", "affected": [ "RQ-08", "PV-004" ], "reason": "A documented negative saves the next researcher the same hours, and marks the point where a single private document would settle the question.", "credited_to": null, "reviewed_by": null, "dossier_version": "0.9" } ], "glossary": [ { "term": "Impression", "definition": "A single sheet printed from a plate. A print is not a unique object: one plate yields many impressions, and they can differ enormously from one another in inking, paper, wear and condition. This is why a census of impressions is worth building.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "technique" }, { "term": "Etching", "definition": "An intaglio process. The plate is coated with an acid-resistant ground, the artist draws through the ground with a needle, and acid bites the exposed lines into the metal. The drawn line is free and fluent because the needle meets almost no resistance — quite unlike engraving.", "source": "Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus, 300053241", "source_url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053241", "category": "technique" }, { "term": "Drypoint", "definition": "Lines scratched directly into the plate with a hard point, throwing up a ridge of displaced metal called burr. Burr holds ink and prints as a soft, velvety black — and it collapses under the press within a few dozen impressions, which makes it one of the most useful indicators of how early an impression is.", "source": "Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus, 300053228", "source_url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053228", "category": "technique" }, { "term": "Burr", "definition": "The ridge of metal raised alongside a drypoint line. Its presence, and how much of it survives, is evidence about where an impression sits in the printing sequence.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "technique" }, { "term": "State", "definition": "A stage in the working life of a plate. Every time the plate is altered — lines added, passages burnished out, a signature redrawn — impressions printed after the change constitute a new state. States are defined by cataloguers, not by artists, and different catalogues divide the same plate differently.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "cataloguing" }, { "term": "Plate mark", "definition": "The impressed rectangle left in the paper by the edge of the plate under the pressure of the press. Its presence shows the sheet has not been trimmed inside the plate edge; its absence usually means it has.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "technique" }, { "term": "Laid paper", "definition": "Paper made on a mould of closely spaced wires supported by widely spaced ones, leaving a visible grid when held to the light: fine laid lines and widely spaced chain lines. Standard for European paper of the seventeenth century.", "source": "Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus, 300014184", "source_url": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014184", "category": "paper" }, { "term": "Chain lines", "definition": "The widely spaced lines in laid paper left by the mould's supporting wires. Their spacing is a property of the individual mould, so it can distinguish batches of paper that otherwise look identical — and unlike a watermark, chain lines run across the whole sheet, so trimming rarely removes them.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "paper" }, { "term": "Watermark", "definition": "A design worked in wire into the papermaking mould, visible as a thinner, brighter area when the sheet is held to the light. Because papermakers' moulds were in use for limited periods, an identified watermark can narrow the years in which a sheet of paper — and therefore an impression printed on it — was made.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "paper" }, { "term": "Countermark", "definition": "A smaller secondary mark, often initials, placed in the other half of the sheet from the main watermark. It can identify a particular mill or maker where the main mark is generic.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "paper" }, { "term": "Recto and verso", "definition": "The front and the back of a sheet. On a print the recto carries the image; the verso is where the ownership history is usually written, in collectors' stamps, dealers' codes and pencil annotations.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "cataloguing" }, { "term": "Collector's mark", "definition": "A stamp or inscription applied to a print by an owner — private collectors and institutional print rooms alike. Marks are catalogued and numbered in Frits Lugt's standard reference, so a mark cited by its Lugt number identifies a specific collection, and thereby a documented point in a sheet's ownership history.", "source": "Fondation Custodia / Marques de collections", "source_url": "https://www.marquesdecollections.fr/", "category": "provenance" }, { "term": "Provenance", "definition": "The documented history of ownership and custody of an object. Gaps in it are normal and should be shown as gaps; a provenance narrated smoothly from creation to the present is usually a provenance with the uncertainty edited out.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "provenance" }, { "term": "Posthumous impression", "definition": "An impression printed after the artist's death, from a surviving plate. Rembrandt's plates were printed, reworked and reprinted for well over two centuries after 1669, so a large proportion of impressions in circulation are posthumous. This is a statement about when a sheet was printed, not about whether it is genuine.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "cataloguing" }, { "term": "Restrike", "definition": "An impression pulled from an old plate in a later, usually commercial, edition. The Recueil Basan, published in Paris around 1810, is the best-known such edition of Rembrandt's plates.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "cataloguing" }, { "term": "Trimmed", "definition": "Cut down from its original size. Trimming is irreversible and removes evidence: margins carry plate marks, inscriptions, dealers' codes and collectors' marks, and cutting them away narrows what can later be established about a sheet.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "condition" }, { "term": "Dampstain", "definition": "Discolouration caused by historic contact with water or by prolonged exposure to damp, often with a defined edge — a tideline — where the moisture stopped. It records an event in the sheet's history as well as being a condition issue.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "condition" }, { "term": "Cockling", "definition": "Planar distortion — waving or rippling of the sheet, typically caused by uneven response to moisture. Whether cockling is stable at the object's current relative humidity is a conservation question, not a cosmetic one.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "condition" }, { "term": "Foxing", "definition": "Small brown or reddish spots in paper, associated with metallic impurities and fungal activity in the presence of moisture.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "condition" }, { "term": "Mat burn", "definition": "A brown discolouration in the shape of a window mat, caused by an acidic mount in prolonged contact with the sheet. Evidence of a sheet's framing history as well as damage.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "condition" }, { "term": "Skinning", "definition": "Loss of the surface layer of the paper, usually caused by removing an adhesive, a backing or a hinge without adequate care.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "condition" }, { "term": "Mount", "definition": "The board assembly a work on paper is housed in. A conservation-grade mount protects the sheet in handling and storage; an acidic one damages it over decades. An unmounted sheet is easier to examine and to photograph but less protected.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "conservation" }, { "term": "Transmitted light", "definition": "Photography with the light source behind the sheet rather than in front of it, so the paper's own structure — laid lines, chain lines, watermarks, thinning, repairs — becomes visible. It is the standard way to record a watermark, and it requires a conservator's judgement about handling.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "conservation" }, { "term": "Raking light", "definition": "Light directed across the surface at a low angle, which reveals surface texture: cockling, creases, the impression of the plate mark, embossing, and the relief of heavily inked passages.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "conservation" }, { "term": "Lux hour", "definition": "The unit of cumulative light exposure: illuminance in lux multiplied by hours of exposure. Light damage to paper and to media is cumulative and irreversible, so a lender who tracks lux hours can say what a sheet has already spent rather than guessing.", "source": "Canadian Conservation Institute, Agents of Deterioration: Light", "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/agents-deterioration/light.html", "category": "conservation" }, { "term": "Facility report", "definition": "The standard document by which a borrowing institution describes its building, environment, security and staffing to a lender. In the United States the American Alliance of Museums' General Facility Report is the common form, and most lenders will not begin a serious conversation without one.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "conservation" }, { "term": "Condition report", "definition": "A dated, itemised record of an object's physical condition at a point in time, written by a conservator. It is what makes it possible to tell later whether anything has changed — which is why one is made before an object travels and again when it arrives.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "conservation" }, { "term": "Catalogue raisonné", "definition": "A systematic catalogue of all known works by an artist in a given medium, numbering each and describing its states. For Rembrandt's prints the current standard is the New Hollstein volumes; Bartsch's catalogue of 1797 and White & Boon's of 1969 remain in wide use, and they number and divide the works differently.", "source": null, "source_url": null, "category": "cataloguing" } ], "comparators": [ { "id": "rijksmuseum-rp-p-1961-989", "institution": "Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam", "accession": "RP-P-1961-989", "state_note": "New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt) 170-1(4) — state 1 of 4 (Bartsch 20-1(1); Hollstein Dutch 20-1(1))", "credit_line": "Rembrandt van Rijn, Self-portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume, 1638, etching and drypoint. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1961-989. Mr and Mrs De Bruijn-van der Leeuw Bequest, Muri, Switzerland. Public domain (CC PDM 1.0).", "licence": "Copyright: Public domain — the object page's \"Acquisition and rights\" block gives \"Copyright / Public domain\", hyperlinked to https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.en (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0). The page carries a \"Download image\" control and the object's Micrio record is flagged isDownloadable: true.", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.en", "source_page": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-1961-989", "image_source_url": "https://iiif.micr.io/WJFoZ/full/max/0/default.jpg", "iiif_manifest": "https://iiif.micr.io/WJFoZ/info.json (IIIF Image API 3.0 image service; no IIIF Presentation manifest is published. Persistent object URI: https://id.rijksmuseum.nl/200124678)", "src": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-1961-989-2000.jpg", "width": 1590, "height": 2000, "thumb": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-1961-989-web.jpg", "thumb_width": 636, "thumb_height": 800, "original_pixels": "3988 × 5016" }, { "id": "rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-285", "institution": "Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam", "accession": "RP-P-OB-285", "state_note": "New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt) 170-2(4) — state 2 of 4 (Bartsch 20-1(1); Hollstein Dutch 20-1(1)); collector's mark Lugt 240", "credit_line": "Rembrandt van Rijn, Self-portrait in a velvet cap with plume, 1638, etching and drypoint. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-285. Public domain (CC PDM 1.0).", "licence": "Copyright: Public domain — the object page's \"Acquisition and rights\" block gives \"Copyright / Public domain\", hyperlinked to https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.en (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0). The page carries a \"Download image\" control and the object's Micrio record is flagged isDownloadable: true.", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.en", "source_page": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-OB-285", "image_source_url": "https://iiif.micr.io/qUfys/full/max/0/default.jpg", "iiif_manifest": "https://iiif.micr.io/qUfys/info.json (IIIF Image API 3.0 image service; no IIIF Presentation manifest is published. Persistent object URI: https://id.rijksmuseum.nl/200124679)", "src": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-285-2000.jpg", "width": 1579, "height": 2000, "thumb": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-285-web.jpg", "thumb_width": 632, "thumb_height": 800, "original_pixels": "3998 × 5062" }, { "id": "rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-286", "institution": "Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam", "accession": "RP-P-OB-286", "state_note": "New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish (Rembrandt) 170-4(4) — state 4 of 4; posthumous impression, workshop of Henry Louis Basan; inscribed 'Coppier'", "credit_line": "Rembrandt van Rijn (printmaker: workshop of Henry Louis Basan), Self-portrait in a velvet cap with plume, 1638 (impression 1850–1906), etching. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-286. Public domain (CC PDM 1.0).", "licence": "Copyright: Public domain — the object page's \"Acquisition and rights\" block gives \"Copyright / Public domain\", hyperlinked to https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.en (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0). The page carries a \"Download image\" control and the object's Micrio record is flagged isDownloadable: true.", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.en", "source_page": "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-P-OB-286", "image_source_url": "https://iiif.micr.io/GLraw/full/max/0/default.jpg", "iiif_manifest": "https://iiif.micr.io/GLraw/info.json (IIIF Image API 3.0 image service; no IIIF Presentation manifest is published. Persistent object URI: https://id.rijksmuseum.nl/200124680)", "src": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-286-2000.jpg", "width": 1638, "height": 2000, "thumb": "/images/comparators/rijksmuseum-rp-p-ob-286-web.jpg", "thumb_width": 655, "thumb_height": 800, "original_pixels": "4492 × 5484" }, { "id": "nga-1943-3-7201", "institution": "National Gallery of Art, Washington", "accession": "1943.3.7201", "state_note": "Not stated in the NGA record (medium: etching on laid paper; plate 13.5 × 10.3 cm)", "credit_line": "Rembrandt van Rijn, Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume, 1638, etching on laid paper. National Gallery of Art, Washington, Rosenwald Collection, 1943.3.7201. Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington. CC0.", "licence": "Users may download and reproduce—free of charge and without seeking authorization from the National Gallery—any digital image of a work in our collection that the we believe is in the public domain. These digital images are being released by the National Gallery under Creative Commons Zero (CC0). (Open data record for this image: openaccess = 1.)", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "source_page": "https://www.nga.gov/artworks/9997-self-portrait-velvet-cap-plume", "image_source_url": "https://api.nga.gov/iiif/c62f7cd7-4162-4cc8-9298-d7bbe6984c08/full/full/0/default.jpg", "iiif_manifest": "https://api.nga.gov/iiif/c62f7cd7-4162-4cc8-9298-d7bbe6984c08/info.json (IIIF Image API 2.0 image service; NGA publishes no IIIF Presentation manifest for this object)", "src": "/images/comparators/nga-1943-3-7201-2000.jpg", "width": 1551, "height": 2000, "thumb": "/images/comparators/nga-1943-3-7201-web.jpg", "thumb_width": 620, "thumb_height": 800, "original_pixels": "2760 × 3558" }, { "id": "met-64-649-5", "institution": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York", "accession": "64.649.5", "state_note": "Not stated in the Met record (medium: etching)", "credit_line": "Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn), Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume, 1638, etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Gift of Mrs. B. S. Oppenheimer, in memory of Dr. B. S. Oppenheimer, 1964 (64.649.5). CC0.", "licence": "In February 2017, The Met introduced its Open Access Initiative, which makes images of public-domain artworks and basic data on all accessioned works in its collection available for unrestricted use under Creative Commons Zero (CC0). Anyone can download, share, and remix images and data about artworks in The Met collection. (Object page badge: \"Public Domain\"; API field isPublicDomain: true.)", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "source_page": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/391676", "image_source_url": "https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/dp/original/DP814552.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "src": "/images/comparators/met-64-649-5-2000.jpg", "width": 1587, "height": 2000, "thumb": "/images/comparators/met-64-649-5-web.jpg", "thumb_width": 635, "thumb_height": 800, "original_pixels": "2575 × 3245" }, { "id": "met-60-598-66", "institution": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York", "accession": "60.598.66", "state_note": "Not stated in the Met record (medium: etching)", "credit_line": "Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn), Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume, 1638, etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Bequest of Julia H. Manges, in memory of her husband, Dr. Morris Manges, 1960 (60.598.66). CC0.", "licence": "In February 2017, The Met introduced its Open Access Initiative, which makes images of public-domain artworks and basic data on all accessioned works in its collection available for unrestricted use under Creative Commons Zero (CC0). Anyone can download, share, and remix images and data about artworks in The Met collection. (Object page badge: \"Public Domain\"; API field isPublicDomain: true.)", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "source_page": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/391675", "image_source_url": "https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/dp/original/DP814553.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "src": "/images/comparators/met-60-598-66-2000.jpg", "width": 1600, "height": 2000, "thumb": "/images/comparators/met-60-598-66-web.jpg", "thumb_width": 640, "thumb_height": 800, "original_pixels": "2698 × 3372" }, { "id": "aic-1938-1792", "institution": "Art Institute of Chicago", "accession": "1938.1792", "state_note": "Not stated in the AIC record (etching on buff laid paper; sheet, cut within platemark: 12.3 × 10.5 cm)", "credit_line": "Rembrandt van Rijn, Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume, 1638, etching on buff laid paper. The Art Institute of Chicago, Clarence Buckingham Collection, 1938.1792. CC0 Public Domain Designation.", "licence": "Certain images of works in the collection believed to be in the public domain or to which the museum otherwise waives any copyright it might have been made available by AIC under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license. ... You are welcome to use any images or data with the label “CC0 Public Domain Designation,” or otherwise stated as made available by AIC under the CC0 license, for any purpose, including commercial and noncommercial uses, without additional permission from AIC. (API field is_public_domain: true.)", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "source_page": "https://www.artic.edu/artworks/29216/self-portrait-in-a-velvet-cap-with-plume", "image_source_url": "https://www.artic.edu/iiif/2/37c75de5-dcb4-4edb-d368-2100c571a8c1/full/full/0/default.jpg", "iiif_manifest": "https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/29216/manifest.json", "src": "/images/comparators/aic-1938-1792-2000.jpg", "width": 1708, "height": 2000, "thumb": "/images/comparators/aic-1938-1792-web.jpg", "thumb_width": 683, "thumb_height": 800, "original_pixels": "1922 × 2250" }, { "id": "cleveland-1942-874", "institution": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "accession": "1942.874", "state_note": "Not stated in the CMA record; catalogue raisonné given as Hollstein 20 (XVIII.9). Support: cream(3) laid paper", "credit_line": "Self-Portrait in Velvet Cap with Plume, 1638. Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606–1669). Etching with engraving; sheet: 11.2 x 10.4 cm (4 7/16 x 4 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Robert Hays Gries, 1942.874. CC0.", "licence": "share_license_status: \"CC0\" in the Cleveland Museum of Art Open Access API record. The CMA Open Access programme releases images of public-domain works under Creative Commons Zero (CC0).", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "source_page": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.874", "image_source_url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.874/1942.874_print.jpg", "iiif_manifest": null, "src": "/images/comparators/cleveland-1942-874-2000.jpg", "width": 1855, "height": 2000, "thumb": "/images/comparators/cleveland-1942-874-web.jpg", "thumb_width": 742, "thumb_height": 800, "original_pixels": "3154 × 3400" } ] }